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Heart Attack (Ischemic Heart Disease) is a medical disorder that happens when the coronary arteries become blocked reducing blood flow to the heart muscles.
The blood supply to the part of the heart can not give sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the muscles of the heart.
The cells in that affected area of the heart died off and that area of the heart is not able to function.
This is called a heart attack.
Heart Attack (Ischemic Heart Disease) can result in sudden death.
It needs just four to six minutes after cardiac arrest before a person develops brain death and then complete
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Produktbeschreibung
Heart Attack (Ischemic Heart Disease) is a medical disorder that happens when the coronary arteries become blocked reducing blood flow to the heart muscles.
The blood supply to the part of the heart can not give sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the muscles of the heart.
The cells in that affected area of the heart died off and that area of the heart is not able to function.
This is called a heart attack.
Heart Attack (Ischemic Heart Disease) can result in sudden death.
It needs just four to six minutes after cardiac arrest before a person develops brain death and then complete death.
The survival rate before reaching a hospital is less than 1-2%.
A heart attack (myocardial infarction) happens when blood supply to the heart muscle stops and the heart muscle dies.
A sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) happens when the heart suddenly stops pumping due to an electrical disorder in the heart.
Heart Attack (Ischemic Heart Disease) happens when
1. There is an obstruction of an artery in the heart by a blood clot, piece of fat or air bubble traveling in the blood from another part of the body.
This results in a lack of supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
Consequently the heart cells died resulting in loss of function of the part of the heart.
2. The narrowing of the blood vessel because of fat deposit in the walls of the artery supplying blood to the heart.
This decreases the blood supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscles cells and decreases its function.
The causative diseases are:
1. High Blood pressure-Hypertension narrows the arteries of the heart and provides blockage.
2. High cholesterol-Cholesterol deposit causes the walls of the arteries to be thicker, making them narrow and reducing the blood flow.
3. Diabetes mellitus
4. Obesity
5. Smoking and alcohol
The main symptom of IHD is a crushing heaviness or pressure in the chest which may spread to the left jaw, neck, shoulder and down the inside of the left arm and hand.
2. Breathing difficulty is normally linked with the chest pain
3. Cold sweats
Diagnosis of ischemic heart disease is normally confirmed by:
ECG (electrocardiogram) reveals characteristic features of depression in Q wave, ST segment and raised RS segment.
Angiogram (cardiac catheterization)
Immediate treatment is required
Give nitroglycerin under the tongue if nitroglycerin is available
1. Anticoagulants such as warfarin, aspirin
2. Vasodilators like isorbide
3. Any abnormal rhythm of the heart must be treated with medicines
Surgical treatments include:
1. Balloon angioplasty
2. Stent
3. Bypass heart surgery

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Heart Attack (Ischemic Heart Disease)
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Angina Pectoris
Chapter 8 Heart Failure
Epilogue

Ischemic Heart Disease is the third commonest cause of death in Singapore in 2014 having fallen from second place in 2009 to cancer and pneumonia.
I had several patients who died of heart attacks most of them peacefully.
Some of them had a successful coronary artery bypass operation done on them but later succumbed to other illness such as pneumonia.
Treatment has been quite successful in reducing the number of heart attack especially with the use of blood thinners such as aspirin, plavix and warfarin that prevent formation of blood clots in the coronary arteries.


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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...