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This book describes High Platelets (Thrombocythemia), Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
High Platelets Count or Thrombocythemia is a rare blood clotting disorder that induces the human bone marrow to produce too many platelets.
A high platelet count can induce blood clots to develop spontaneously.
Normally, the blood starts to clot to prevent a massive loss of blood after an injury.
In people with essential thrombocythemia, blood clots can form suddenly and for no apparent reason.
Unusual blood clotting can be dangerous.
Blood clots may obstruct the flow of blood to the brain, liver, heart, and other vital organs.
Causes:
This disorder happens when the body forms too many platelets, which can result in abnormal clotting.
50% of people with thrombocythemia have a gene mutation in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene.
Other gene mutations are:
Calreticulin (CALR)
Myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL)
This gene is accountable for making a protein that increases the growth and division of cells
When the platelet count is too high due to a specific disease or disorder, it is called secondary or reactive thrombocythemia
These are caused by autoimmune diseases, splenectomy, sarcoidosis, etc
Symptoms:
A blood clot may be the first symptom that something is abnormal
1. Headache
2. Lightheadedness or dizziness
3. Weakness
4. Fainting
5. Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands
6. Redness, throbbing, and burning pain in the feet or hands
7. Changes in vision
8. Chest pain
9. A slightly enlarged spleen
In rare cases, the disorder can induce bleeding.
1. Easy bruising
2. Bleeding from the gums or mouth
3, Nosebleeds
4. Bloody urine
5. Bloody stool
Diagnosis:
The patient should make sure to mention any blood transfusions, infections, and medical procedures the patient has had in the past.
The patient should also tell the doctor about any prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications and supplements the patient is taking.
If Essential thrombocythemia is suspected, the doctor will do certain blood tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Blood tests may be:
1. Full blood count (FBC).
A FBC measures the number of platelets in the blood.
2. Blood smear.
A blood smear examines the condition of the platelets.
3. Genetic testing.
This test will help find out whether the patient have an inherited disorder that produces a high platelet count.
Other diagnostic testing may be bone marrow aspiration to examine the platelets under a microscope.
This procedure requires taking a sample of bone marrow tissue in liquid form.
It is typically taken from the breastbone or pelvis.
The patient will most likely receive a diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia if the doctor cannot find a cause for the high platelet count.
Genetic Studies
The main mutations present in patients with thrombocythemia are in the JAK2 and CALR genes.
Treatment:
The treatment plan will be dependent on a number of factors, such as:
1. The risk of developing blood clots.
2. Presence of heart attack, stroke and other medical disorder
The patient may not need treatment if the patient does not have any symptoms or additional risk factors.
Instead, the doctor may choose to carefully wait and watch the disorder.
Treatment may be advised if the patient:
1. Is over age 60
2. Is a smoker
3. Has other medical disorders, such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease
4. Has a history of bleeding or blood clots
Treatment may be:
1. OTC low-dose aspirin decrease blood clotting.
2. Prescription medicines can lower the risk of clotting
3. Platelet pheresis, eliminates platelets directly from the blood
4. Antimetabolics decrease platelet production
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 High Platelets (Thro...
High Platelets Count or Thrombocythemia is a rare blood clotting disorder that induces the human bone marrow to produce too many platelets.
A high platelet count can induce blood clots to develop spontaneously.
Normally, the blood starts to clot to prevent a massive loss of blood after an injury.
In people with essential thrombocythemia, blood clots can form suddenly and for no apparent reason.
Unusual blood clotting can be dangerous.
Blood clots may obstruct the flow of blood to the brain, liver, heart, and other vital organs.
Causes:
This disorder happens when the body forms too many platelets, which can result in abnormal clotting.
50% of people with thrombocythemia have a gene mutation in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene.
Other gene mutations are:
Calreticulin (CALR)
Myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL)
This gene is accountable for making a protein that increases the growth and division of cells
When the platelet count is too high due to a specific disease or disorder, it is called secondary or reactive thrombocythemia
These are caused by autoimmune diseases, splenectomy, sarcoidosis, etc
Symptoms:
A blood clot may be the first symptom that something is abnormal
1. Headache
2. Lightheadedness or dizziness
3. Weakness
4. Fainting
5. Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands
6. Redness, throbbing, and burning pain in the feet or hands
7. Changes in vision
8. Chest pain
9. A slightly enlarged spleen
In rare cases, the disorder can induce bleeding.
1. Easy bruising
2. Bleeding from the gums or mouth
3, Nosebleeds
4. Bloody urine
5. Bloody stool
Diagnosis:
The patient should make sure to mention any blood transfusions, infections, and medical procedures the patient has had in the past.
The patient should also tell the doctor about any prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications and supplements the patient is taking.
If Essential thrombocythemia is suspected, the doctor will do certain blood tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Blood tests may be:
1. Full blood count (FBC).
A FBC measures the number of platelets in the blood.
2. Blood smear.
A blood smear examines the condition of the platelets.
3. Genetic testing.
This test will help find out whether the patient have an inherited disorder that produces a high platelet count.
Other diagnostic testing may be bone marrow aspiration to examine the platelets under a microscope.
This procedure requires taking a sample of bone marrow tissue in liquid form.
It is typically taken from the breastbone or pelvis.
The patient will most likely receive a diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia if the doctor cannot find a cause for the high platelet count.
Genetic Studies
The main mutations present in patients with thrombocythemia are in the JAK2 and CALR genes.
Treatment:
The treatment plan will be dependent on a number of factors, such as:
1. The risk of developing blood clots.
2. Presence of heart attack, stroke and other medical disorder
The patient may not need treatment if the patient does not have any symptoms or additional risk factors.
Instead, the doctor may choose to carefully wait and watch the disorder.
Treatment may be advised if the patient:
1. Is over age 60
2. Is a smoker
3. Has other medical disorders, such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease
4. Has a history of bleeding or blood clots
Treatment may be:
1. OTC low-dose aspirin decrease blood clotting.
2. Prescription medicines can lower the risk of clotting
3. Platelet pheresis, eliminates platelets directly from the blood
4. Antimetabolics decrease platelet production
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 High Platelets (Thro...
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