Donald Rapp

Human Missions to Mars (eBook, PDF)

Enabling Technologies for Exploring the Red Planet

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

In "Human Missions to Mars" Donald Rapp looks at human missions to Mars from an engineering perspective. He begins by describing the pros and cons of robotic exploration versus human exploration and then examines the ideas for sending humans to Mars from the point of view of both the enthusiast and the skeptic. Chapter 2 describes how space missions are planned and how they may be achieved as a sequence of separate steps. Chapter 3 deals with the complex issues relating to the outward journey to Mars and the return leg. The author deals with propulsion systems and with the analysis of the various trajectories which may be utilized for such a mission. He divides mission into a number of stages: Earth's surface to low-Earth orbit (LEO); departing from LEO; Mars orbit insertion and landing; ascent from Mars; trans-Earth injection from Mars orbit and Earth orbit insertion and landing. Chapter 4 discusses a wide range of elements critical to a human Mars mission, including life support consumables, radiation effects and shielding, microgravity effects, abort options and mission safety, possible habitats on the Martian surface and aero assisted orbit insertion and entry decent and landing.

For any human mission to the Red Planet the possible utilization of any resources indigenous to Mars would be of great value and such possibilities are discussed in Chapter 5. The use of indigenous resources on the Moon is described as a precursor to the availability of similar resources on Mars and issues such as fuelling Mars-bound craft from lunar resources, the use of lunar ferries, staging, assembly and refueling in near-Earth space are all discussed. The important applications arising from the transportation of hydrogen to Mars are also described. Chapter 6 deals with a range of previous Mars mission studies and the technologies they employed. Chapter 7 looks as how NASA is planning for its return to the Moon, and the use of the Moon as a stepping stoneto Mars. Chapter 8 presents the author's detailed analysis of why, in his opinion, the current NASA approach will fail to send humans to Mars before 2080. The book concludes with three appendices describing the use of solar energy on the Moon and on Mars and the value of indigenous water on Mars.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• Seitenzahl: 520
• Erscheinungstermin: 24. Oktober 2007
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9783540729396
• Artikelnr.: 37361226

Autorenporträt

Donald Rapp was full professor of physics at the University of Texas 1969-1979, and Chief Technologist of the Mechanical and Chemical Engineering Division of JPL from 1979 to 2002. He was manager of the Mars Exploration Technology Program at JPL for a period, and he was manager of the In Situ Propellant Production (ISPP) task in this Program. He wrote a landmark report on converting Mars resources into usable propellants for return to Earth. He wrote the Mars Technology Program Plan in 2001. He was proposal manager at JPL for two missions that were implemented in space: Suess-Urey mission to collect solar wind, and Deep Impact to observe interior of a comet. During the period 2001-2002, he played an important role in JPL efforts in developing concepts for utilization of extraterrestrial resources in Mars missions. In 2002 he wrote the NASA Office of Space Science Technology Blueprint for Harley Thronson, NASA Technology Director, a 100-page assessment of technology needs and capabilities for future missions. In the period 2003-2006, he prepared a revised and expanded version of the Technology Blueprint for Harley Thronson at NASA HQ. In 2004, he was Proposal Manager for a proposal for a ground-penetrating radar experiment for the Mars Science Laboratory as well as a glider mission on Mars. In the period 2004-2006, he concentrated on mission design for Mars and lunar human missions. This work led to his writing the book Human Missions to Mars that was published by Praxis/Springer in 2007. This was a major work, comprising 520 pages with over 200 figures. It included a chapter on in situ resource utilization (ISRU) on Mars. He was the lead person at JPL for ISRU technology for several decades. In this role, he carried out research and analysis leading to a number or reports and publications through the 1980s, 1990s and into the 2000s. Since 2014, he has been Co-Investigator on the Mars OXygen In Situ Experiment(MOXIE) that operated on Mars in 2021-022 to routinely produce oxygen from Martian carbon dioxide. The original book Human Missions to Mars was updated to a second edition in 2015, and is now presented as a third edition in 2022 with many new references and updates.

Inhaltsangabe

1. Why Explore Mars?.- 2. Planning Space Campaigns and Missions.- 3. 60+ Years of Humans to Mars Mission Planning.- 4. Getting There and Back.- 5. Critical Mars Mission Elements.- 6. In Situ Utilization of Indigenous Resources.- 7. Why the NASA approach will likely fail to send humans to Mars for many decades to come.- Appendix A. Solar Energy on the Moon.- Appendix B. Solar Energy on Mars.- Appendix C. Water on Mars.- Index.

Rezensionen

Aus den Rezensionen: "... Donald Rapp ... hat die Anforderungen an eine bemannte Mars-Mission aus unabhängiger Warte ins Visier genommen und realistisch - für manche Enthusiasten vielleicht sogar ernüchternd - analysiert. ... Das mit zahlreichen Tabellen, Diagrammen und Illustrationen ausgestattete ... Werk ist sehr faktenreich ..." (in: The Science Fiction Jahr 2008, 2008, S. 795 f.)

From the reviews:

"A skeptic's view on the realities of sending a human mission to Mars in the 21st century. ... Human Missions to Mars is hardbound, and Rapp's use of supporting formula, graphs, and technical illustrations ... make it clear that this volume is meant to be used as a reference book in research institutions, technical libraries, and scientific organizations. However, Rapp's engaging writing style and pragmatic view on this subject also makes it an interesting read for the armchair Mars explorer ... ." (Anthony Young, The Space Review, March, 2008)

"This book looks at human missions to Mars from an engineering perspective. ... The book includes appendices describing the use of solar energy on the Moon and on Mars and the value of indigenous water on Mars. This book was written for space scientists and engineers, intermediate-level undergraduates, and postgraduate researchers studying every aspect of human missions to Mars." (The Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin, 2008)

"Rapp's book is a very readable, critical view of possible explorations of Mars. ... The book discusses in detail the many technologies that must be developed and demonstrated before a successful human mission to Mars can occur. ... The appendixes give significant details about solar energy and water on Earth's moon and Mars. The work is an excellent analysis of the difficulties posed by a human mission to mars. ... Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduate through professional collections." (D. B. Mason, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (9), 2008)

"In this book, Donald Rapp ... sets out to provide a critical assessment of the requirements for human missions to Mars from an engineering perspective. ... I found it informative because I learned a lot about the intricacies of Mars mission architectures and the inherent engineering challenges. ... it is refreshing to read a detailed and independent study by someone who has no vestedinterest in any 'official' plans for human space missions." (Ian Crawford, Eos, Vol. 89 (36), 2008)

"This second edition of Donald Rapp's book is an impressive, comprehensive, and well-organized work that begins by exploring the history of the planning of human flights to Mars. ... There are three very comprehensive Appendices, which derive full statistical data for collecting solar energy on the Moon and Mars, and the quantities of water to be found on Mars at different localities (including a discussion of the topical 'slope lineae'). A Glossary completes the text." (Richard McKim, The Observatory, Vol. 136 (1253), August, 2016)