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The exposure of the body to excess amounts of glucocorticoids steroids is the cause of the medical disorder Hyper-cortosolism (Cushing Syndrome).
The Hyper-cortosolism will happen when the body is exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol and therefore the word Hyper-cortosolism is more appropriate than Cushing Syndrome.
It may also happen if the patient takes too much cortisol or other steroid hormones.
People of all ages are affected but more are seen in females from 30 to 50 years of age.
The most common cause of Hyper-cortosolism is taking excess glucocorticosteroid
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Produktbeschreibung
The exposure of the body to excess amounts of glucocorticoids steroids is the cause of the medical disorder Hyper-cortosolism (Cushing Syndrome).
The Hyper-cortosolism will happen when the body is exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol and therefore the word Hyper-cortosolism is more appropriate than Cushing Syndrome.
It may also happen if the patient takes too much cortisol or other steroid hormones.
People of all ages are affected but more are seen in females from 30 to 50 years of age.
The most common cause of Hyper-cortosolism is taking excess glucocorticosteroid medicine.
This form of Hyper-cortosolism is called exogenous Cushing syndrome
Other people form Hyper-cortisolism because their body secretes too much cortisol.
The cortisol is made in the adrenal glands.
The causes of too much cortisol are:
1. Cushing disease, which happens when the pituitary gland produces too much of the hormone ACTH by itself.
ACTH then activates the adrenal glands to form too much cortisol.
A pituitary gland tumor can produce this disorder.
2. Tumor of the adrenal gland
a. Tumor somewhere in the body that forms corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)
b. Tumors somewhere in the body that form ACTH (ectopic Cushing syndrome)
Exposure to excess glucocorticoids leads to multiple medical problems, such as:
1. Hypertension,
2. Obesity,
3. Osteoporosis,
4. Fractures,
5. Impaired immune function,
6. Impaired wound healing,
7. Glucose intolerance,
8. Psychosis
Most people with Hyper-cortisolism have:
1. Round, red, full face (moon face)
2. Slow growth rate (in children)
3. Weight gain with fat accumulation on the trunk
Diagnosis of Hyper-cortisolism:
1. The typical moon face and buffalo hump can suggest the diagnosis of Hyper-cortisolism
2. Blood sugar and white blood cell counts may be high.
3. Potassium level may be low.
Laboratory tests that may be done to diagnose Hyper-cortisolism and identify the cause are:
1. Serum cortisol levels
2. Salivary cortisol levels
3. Dexamethasone suppression test
4. 24-hour urine for cortisol and creatinine
5. ACTH level
The treatment for exogenous Cushing syndrome is slow withdrawal of glucocorticoid.
Medicines used in the treatment of Cushing syndrome are:
1. Somatostatin analogs (e.g., pasireotide)
2. Adrenal steroid inhibitors (e.g., metyrapone, ketoconazole, aminoglutethimide, mifepristone)
Surgical option
1. Remove a causative tumor if possible.
The chosen treatment for endogenous Cushing syndrome is surgical excision of the causative tumor.
This primary treatment for Cushing disease is trans-sphenoidal surgery and the primary treatment for adrenal tumors is adrenalectomy.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Hyper-cortisolism
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Addison Disease
Chapter 8 Adrenal Fatigue
Epilogue


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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...