Kenneth Kee

Hypocalcemia, (Low Blood Calcium) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Hypocalcemia is a frequent biochemical disorder that can vary in severity from being asymptomatic in mild cases to presenting as an acute life-threatening crisis. Hypocalcemia is too low calcium (below 8.4 mg/dL or 2.25 mmol/L) in the blood. Normal blood Calcium varies from 8.4 to 10.4 mg/dL (2.25-2.6 mmol/L) controlled by 3 main calcium-regulating hormones (parathyroid hormone PTH, vitamin D, and calcitonin) through their specific effects on the bowel, kidneys, and skeleton. Calcium and phosphate are interrelated both controlled by the parathyroid hormones and Vitamin D which control the calcium and phosphate exchange between the blood and 3 systems in the body: 1. Skeletal 2. Gastrointestinal 3. Renal Parathyroid hormones work mainly on the bones and kidney to raise the blood calcium and increase the phosphate excretion. Vitamin D raises the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. About 50% of the total serum calcium is attached to protein, and the remaining free ionized calcium is physiologically active. Serum calcium levels must be corrected for the blood albumin value before confirming the diagnosis of hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia (corrected serum total calcium level < 2.12 mmol/L) is most often a result of vitamin D inadequacy or hypoparathyroidism, or a resistance to these hormones Low calcium levels have also been linked with many drugs such as cisplatin, antiepileptics, aminoglycosides, diuretics, bisphosphonates and proton pump inhibitors; there are other causes. Calcium is a vital mineral, used by the body to build strong bones and teeth. Calcium is also needed for the heart and other muscles to function properly. When a person does not get enough calcium, he or she raises the risk of forming disorders like osteoporosis, osteopenia, and calcium deficiency disease (hypocalcemia). Children who do not get enough calcium may not develop to their full potential adult height. This low calcium may be due to a variety of factors, such as: 1. Poor calcium intake over a long period of time, especially in childhood 2. Medicines that may decrease calcium absorption 3. Dietary intolerance to foods rich in calcium 4. Hormonal changes, particularly in women 5. Certain genetic factors Symptoms: 1. Confusion or memory loss 2. Muscle spasms 3. Numbness and tingling in the hands, feet, and face 4. Depression 5. Hallucinations 6. Muscle cramps 7. Weak and brittle nails 8. Easy fracturing of the bones Signs: 1. Chvostek's sign 2. Trousseau's sign 3. Seizures. 4. Prolonged QT interval Diagnosis is by: Blood for the corrected calcium level or ionized calcium level Treatment: The patient is treated where symptoms (seizures, tetany) are present or there is a high risk of complications with a serum calcium

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Kenneth Kee
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. August 2017
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781370068616
• Artikelnr.: 48890333

Autorenporträt

Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...