Kenneth Kee

Hypokalemia, (Low Blood Potassium) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

This book describes Hypokalemia, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

Hypokalemia indicates low potassium in the blood that can give rise to symptoms of muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps and even paralysis.

Hypokalemia is the term for low Potassium in the blood.

Normal blood potassium ranges from 3.4 to 5.7 mmol per liter.

Hypokalemia happens when blood's potassium levels are too low.

Hypokalemia is also called:
a. Hypokalemic syndrome
b. Low potassium syndrome
c. Hypopotassemia syndrome

Extra-cellular potassium level represents only 2 per cent of the total body potassium.

Potassium has a major presence in the intracellular volume of cells and intracellular osmolarity.

It is an also an important cofactor in many metabolic actions.

The resting membrane potential and excitable tissues such as nerves are mostly determined by ratio of intracellular to extra-cellular potassium concentrations.

Plasma and extra-cellular potassium levels are involved by many factors particularly acid based balance.

Acidosis moves potassium out of cells while alkalosis shifts potassium into cells.

Potassium is an important electrolyte for nerve and muscle cell functioning, particularly for muscle cells in the heart.

The kidneys regulate the body's potassium levels, allowing for excess potassium to leave the body through urine or sweat.

Hypokalemia happens with gastrointestinal or urinary loss particularly after the use of potassium wasting diuretics or in diabetes mellitus.

Mild hypokalemia does not cause symptoms.

In some cases, low potassium levels can cause arrhythmia, or abnormal heart rhythms, and severe muscle weakness.

But these symptoms normally reverse after treatment.

Potassium is an electrolyte (mineral) that is needed for cells to function properly.

The patient gets potassium through food.

The kidneys eliminate excess potassium through the urinary system to maintain a proper balance of the mineral in the body.

It may be because too much potassium is leaving through the digestive tract.

Most often, the patient gets hypokalemia when: he or she:
1. Vomits a lot
2. Has diarrhea
3. The kidneys or adrenal glands do not work well
4. Takes medication that makes the patient urinates (diuretics)

It is possible, but rare, to get hypokalemia from having too little potassium in the diet.

Other things occasionally cause it, too, such as:
1. Drinking too much alcohol
2. Sweating a lot
3. Folic acid deficiency
4. Certain antibiotics such as penicillins
5. Diabetic ketoacidosis (high levels of acids called ketones in the blood)
6. Laxatives taken over a long period of time
7. Certain types of tobacco
8. Some asthma medicines
9. Low magnesium
10. Adrenal gland issues
11. Malnutrition
12. Poor absorption
13. Hyperthyroidism
14. Delirium tremens
15. Renal tubular acidosis types I and 2
16. Catecholamine surge, such as with a heart attack
17. Eating substances like bentonite (clay) or glycyrrhizin (in natural licorice and chewing tobacco)
18. Dilution due to IV fluid administration
19. Drugs such as insulin and beta 2 agonists used for COPD and asthma
20. Barium poisoning

Several syndromes can be linked with low potassium, such as:
1. Cushing syndrome, a rare condition due to long-term exposure to cortisol
2. Gitelman syndrome, a rare genetic kidney disorder that causes an imbalance of ions in the body
3. Liddle syndrome, a rare disorder that causes an increase in blood pressure and hypokalemia
4. Bartter syndrome, a rare genetic kidney disorder that causes salt and potassium imbalance
5. Fanconi syndrome
6. Familial hypokalemia

Women are likely to have hypokalemia more often th...

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Kenneth Kee
• Erscheinungstermin: 18. Februar 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780463269763
• Artikelnr.: 75904446

Autorenporträt

Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...