Although Turgenev belonged, by origin, thought, and feeling, to the generation of noble, progressive intellectuals, this affiliation did not prevent him from portraying the truth in his novels, the fact that the leadership of thought and national development in Russia in the sixties of the nineteenth century passed into the hands of middle-class democratic revolutionaries. It is a realistic transformation whose presence the writer could not deny in his novels, even though it conflicted with his own noble ideals. Turgenev reflected in his novels an image of the educated hero, and what attracted him in this hero was his spiritually and mentally distinguished personality, which was sometimes heroic in its search for public happiness. Turgenev, in his treatment of this character, gives a multi-faceted portrayal of the intellectual, social, and moral investigations of the character. Therefore, we find that moral and philosophical ideas and beliefs are considered in Turgenev's novel to be the driving force that drives the heroes and determines their relationship with reality and the topics that affect their existence.
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