Introduction to Renewable Biomaterials (eBook, ePUB)

First Principles and Concepts
Redaktion: Ayoub, Ali S.; Lucia, Lucian A.

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Covers the entire evolutionary spectrum of biomass, from its genetic modification and harvesting, to conversion technologies, life cycle analysis, and its value to the current global economy This original textbook introduces readers to biomass--a renewable resource derived from forest, agriculture, and organic-based materials--which has attracted significant attention as a sustainable alternative to petrochemicals for large-scale production of fuels, materials, and chemicals. The current renaissance in the manipulation and uses of biomass has been so abrupt and focused, that very few educational textbooks actually cover these topics to any great extent. That's why this interdisciplinary text is a welcome resource for those seeking a better understanding of this new discipline. It combines the underpinning science of biomass with technology applications and sustainability considerations to provide a broad focus to its readers. Introduction to Renewable Biomaterials: First Principles and Concepts consists of eight chapters on the following topics: fundamental biochemical & biotechnological principles; principles and methodologies controlling plant growth and silviculture; fundamental science and engineering considerations; critical considerations and strategies for harvesting; first principles of pretreatment; conversion technologies; characterization methods and techniques; and life cycle analysis. Each chapter includes a glossary of terms, two to three problem sets, and boxes to highlight novel discoveries and instruments. Chapters also offer questions for further consideration and suggestions for further reading. * Developed from a successful USDA funded course, run by a partnership of three US universities: BioSUCEED - BioProducts Sustainability, a University Cooperative Center for Excellence in Education * Covers the entire evolutionary spectrum of biomass, from genetic modification to life cycle analysis * Presents the key chemistry, biology, technology, and sustainability aspects of biomaterials * Edited by a highly regarded academic team, with extensive research and teaching experience in the field Introduction to Renewable Biomaterials: First Principles and Concepts is an ideal text for advanced academics and industry professionals involved with biomass and renewable resources, bioenergy, biorefining, biotechnology, materials science, sustainable chemistry, chemical engineering, crop science and technology, agriculture.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. September 2017
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118698587
• Artikelnr.: 49264160

Autorenporträt

About the Editors Ali S. Ayoub, PhD is an internationally recognized expert in the biopolymer science and engineering field and has successfully developed groundbreaking inventions in areas relevant to polymeric materials and the biorefinery concept. He is a senior scientist in the chemical industry, as well as an adjunct professor and associate graduate faculty member at North Carolina State University. He is associated with the United States Department of Interior and symposiums related to natural polymers within the American Chemical Society. Lucian A. Lucia, PhD is an Associate Professor in Forest Biomaterials and Chemistry, North Carolina State University and an honorary Professor of Green Chemistry at Qilu University of Technology (China). He was the Principle Investigator for the acclaimed BioSUCCEED educational/research framework (BioProducts Sustainability, a University Cooperative Center for Excellence in Education). He has been elected Fellow to a number of prestigious organizations and is co-Founder and co-Editor of the international journal BioResources.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xv

1 Fundamental Biochemical and Biotechnological Principles of Biomass Growth and Use 1
Manfred Kircher

1.1 Learning Objectives 1

1.2 Comparison of Fossil-Based versus Bio-Based Raw Materials 2

1.2.1 The Nature of Fossil Raw Materials 2

1.2.2 Industrial Use 3

1.2.2.1 Energy 3

1.2.2.2 Chemicals 4

1.2.3 Expectancy of Resources 8

1.2.4 Green House Gas (GHG) Emission 8

1.2.5 Regional Pillars of Competitiveness 9

1.2.6 Questions for Further Consideration 11

1.3 The Nature of Bio-Based RawMaterials 11

1.3.1 Oil Crops 11

1.3.2 Sugar Crops 13

1.3.3 Starch Crops 14

1.3.4 Lignocellulosic Plants 15

1.3.5 Lignocellulosic Biomass 16

1.3.6 Algae 16

1.3.7 Plant Breeding 17

1.3.8 Basic Transformation Principles 17

1.3.8.1 First Generation 17

1.3.8.2 Second Generation 18

1.3.8.3 Third Generation 18

1.3.9 Industrial Use 18

1.3.9.1 Energy 18

1.3.9.2 Chemicals 20

1.3.9.3 Biocatalysts 22

1.3.9.4 Pharmaceuticals 23

1.3.9.5 Nutrition 24

1.3.9.6 Polymers 24

1.3.10 Expectancy of Resources 26

1.3.11 Green House Gas Emission 26

1.3.12 Regional Pillars of Competitiveness 27

1.3.13 Questions for Further Consideration 29

1.4 General Considerations Surrounding Bio-Based Raw Materials 29

1.4.1 Economical Challenges 29

1.4.2 Feedstock Demand Challenges 30

1.4.3 Ecological Considerations 31

1.4.4 Societal Considerations 31

1.4.4.1 Food Security 31

1.4.4.2 Public Acceptance 32

1.5 Research Advances Made Recently 32

1.5.1 First-Generation Processes and Products 32

1.5.2 Second-Generation Processes and Products 33

1.5.3 Third-Generation Processes and Products 33

1.6 Prominent ScientistsWorking in this Arena 34

1.7 Summary 35

1.8 Study Problems 35

1.9 Key References 36

References 36

2 Fundamental Science and Applications for Biomaterials 39
Ali S. Ayoub and Lucian A. Lucia

2.1 Introduction 39

2.2 What are the Biopolymers that Encompass the Structure and Function of Lignocellulosics? 39

2.2.1 Cellulose 40

2.2.2 Heteropolysaccharides 43

2.2.3 Lignin 45

2.2.4 The Discovery of Cellulose and Lignin 47

2.3 Chemical Reactivity of Cellulose, Heteropolysaccharides, and Lignin 48

2.3.1 Cellulose Reactivity 48

2.3.1.1 ReactivityMeasurements 50

2.3.1.2 Dissolving-Grade Pulps 51

2.3.1.3 Converting Paper-Grade Pulps into Dissolving-Grade Pulps 51

2.3.2 Hemicellulose Reactivity 51

2.3.2.1 Structural Characterization of Hemicellulose 52

2.3.3 Lignin Reactivity 53

2.4 Composite as a Unique Application for Renewable Materials 53

2.4.1 Rationale and Significance 54

2.4.2 Starch-Based Materials 55

2.4.3 Starch-Based Plastics 56

2.4.3.1 Novamont 57

2.4.3.2 Cereplast 58

2.4.3.3 Ecobras 58

2.4.3.4 Biotec 58

2.4.3.5 Plantic 59

2.4.3.6 Biolice 59

2.4.3.7 KTM Industries 59

2.4.3.8 Cerestech, Inc. 59

2.4.3.9 Teknor Apex 60

2.5 Question for Further Consideration 60

References 60

3 Conversion Technologies 63
Maurycy Daroch

3.1 Learning Objectives 63

3.2 Energy Scenario at Global