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In this second edition of Liquid Crystal Displays, Ernst Lueder provides a timely update to his successful text. His unique combination of theory and practice presents all the information required for the development and manufacture of modern high performance and energy saving LCDs. The author also strives for an easy to understand description of complex facts. The second edition focuses on a variety of liquid crystal cells and their electronic addressing, and outlines new developments including: * High performance VA cells, especially for TV, due to two subpixels with excellent…mehr
In this second edition of Liquid Crystal Displays, Ernst Lueder provides a timely update to his successful text. His unique combination of theory and practice presents all the information required for the development and manufacture of modern high performance and energy saving LCDs. The author also strives for an easy to understand description of complex facts. The second edition focuses on a variety of liquid crystal cells and their electronic addressing, and outlines new developments including: * High performance VA cells, especially for TV, due to two subpixels with excellent gamma-correction also at oblique viewing * Short optical response times in the range of 1 ms also for inter-gray transitions due to novel addressing waveforms * Fringe field switching for acceleration of rise and decay of luminance eliminating frame memories * Reduction of motion blur by scanning backlights, high frequency frames, edge enhancement and motion blur modeling * Very thin LCDs with power saving LED backlights exhibiting unmatched color purity and larger than NTSC color gamut * Printed layers on hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas replacing photolithography Practicing electrical engineers, physicists, chemists and display specialists will find this a valuable resource. Researchers will appreciate the practical guidance given for the design of improved LCDs, whilst students are provided with a useful overview of the field. The Society for Information Display (SID) is an international society, which has the aim of encouraging the development of all aspects of the field of information display. Complementary to the aims of the society, the Wiley-SID series is intended to explain the latest developments in information display technology at a professional level. The broad scope of the series addresses all facets of information displays from technical aspects through systems and prototypes to standards and ergonomics
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Autorenporträt
Dr Ernst Lueder (retired), Emeritus Professor, Department of Electrical Communications, University of Stuttgart, Germany Now retired, Ernst Lueder was Professor at the Department of Electrical Communications and Director of the Institute of Network and Systems Theory at Stuttgart University until 1999. He also headed a research laboratory for the fabrication of flat panel displays. Professor Lueder is a Fellow of SID, and is also an IEEE Fellow. He has been awarded the order of merit 1st Class of the Federal Republic of Germany. Since his retirement, he has written the first edition of Liquid Crystal Displays: Addressing Schemes and Electro-Optical Effects (Wiley, Mar 2001). He has also authored Bau Hybrider Mikroschaltungen (Springer-Verlag, 1977) and written over 200 papers on LCDs, network systems and theory and thin film sensors.
Inhaltsangabe
Foreword Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition About the Author 1 Introduction 2 Liquid Crystal Materials and Liquid Crystal Cells 2.1 Properties of Liquid Crystals 3 Electro-optic Effects in Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystals 3.1 The Planar and Harmonic Wave of Light 3.2 Propagation of Polarized Light in Birefringent Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells 4 Electro-optic Effects in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals 4.1 The Propagation of Polarized Light in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells 4.2 The Various Types of TN Cells 4.3 Electronically Controlled Birefringence for the Generation of Colour 5 Descriptions of Polarization 5.1 The Characterizations of Polarization 5.2 A Differential Equation for the Propagation of Polarized Light through Anisotropic Media 5.3 Special Cases for Propagation of Light 6 Propagation of Light with an Arbitrary Incident Angle through Anisotropic Media 6.1 Basic Equations for the Propagation of Light 6.2 Enhancement of the Performance of LC Cells 6.3 Electro-optic Effects with Wide Viewing Angle 6.4 Multidomain VA Cells, Especially for TV 6.5 Polarizers with Increased Luminous Output 6.6 Two Non-birefringent Foils 7 Modified Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 7.1 Polymer Dispersed LCDs (PDLCDs) 7.2 Guest-Host Displays 8 Bistable Liquid Crystal Displays 8.1 Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays (FLCDs) 8.2 Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 8.3 Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 9 Continuously Light Modulating Ferroelectric Displays 9.1 Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Devices 9.2 Antiferroelectric LCDs 10 Addressing Schemes for Liquid Crystal Displays 11 Direct Addressing 12 Passive Matrix Addressing of TN Displays 12.1 The Basic Addressing Scheme and the Law of Alt and Pleshko 12.2 Implementation of PM Addressing 12.3 Multiple Line Addressing 12.4 Two Frequency Driving of PMLCDs 13 Passive Matrix Addressing of Bistable Displays 13.1 Addressing of Ferroelectric LCDs 13.2 Addressing of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 14 Addressing of Liquid Crystal Displays with a-Si Thin Film Transistors (a-Si-TFTs) 14.1 Properties of a-Si Thin Film Transistors 14.2 Static Operation of TFTs in an LCD 14.3 The Dynamics of Switching by TFTs 14.4 Bias-Temperature Stress Test of TFTs 14.5 Drivers for AMLCDs 14.6 The Entire Addressing System 14.7 Layouts of Pixels with TFT Switches 14.8 Fabrication Processes of a-Si TFTs 14.9 Addressing of VA Displays 14.10 Motion Blur 14.11 The Optical Response of a VA Cell 14.12 Reduction of the Optical Response Time by a Special Addressing Waveform 15 Addressing of LCDs with Poly Si-TFTs 15.1 Fabrication Steps for Top-Gate and Bottom-Gate Poly-Si TFTs 15.2 Laser Crystallization by Scanning or Large Area Anneal 15.3 Lightly Doped Drains for Poly-Si TFTs 15.4 The Kink Effect and its Suppression 15.5 Circuits with Poly-Si TFTs 16 Liquid Crystal on Silicon Displays 16.1 Fabrication of LCOS with DRAM-Type Analog Addressing 16.2 SRAM-Type Digital Addressing of LCOS 16.3 Microdisplays Using LCOS Technology 17 Addressing of Liquid Crystal Displays with Metal-Insulator-Metal Pixel Switches 18 Addressing of LCDs with Two-Terminal Devices and Optical, Plasma, Laser and e-beam Techniques 19 Components of LCD Cells 19.1 Additive Colours Generated by Absorptive Photosensitive Pigmented Colour Filters 19.2 Additive and Subtractive Colours Generated by Reflective Dichroic Colour Filters 19.3 Colour Generation by Three Stacked Displays 19.4 LED Backlights 19.5 Cell Assembly 20 Projectors with Liquid Crystal Light Valves 20.1 Single Transmissive Light Valve Systems 20.2 Systems with Three Light Valves 20.3 Projectors with Two LC Light Valves 20.4 A Rear Projector with One or Three Light Valves 20.5 A Projector with Three Optically Addressed Light Valves 21 Liquid Crystal Displays with Plastic Substrates 21.1 Advantages of Plastic Substrates 21.2 Plastic Substrates and their Properties 21.3 Barrier Layers for Plastic Substrates 21.4 Thermo-Mechanical Problems with Plastics 21.5 Fabrication of TFTs and MIMs at low Process Temperatures 22 Printing of Layers for LC-Cells 22.1 Printing Technologies 22.2 Surface Properties for Printing 22.3 Printing of Components for Displays 22.4 Cell Building by Lamination Appendix 1: Formats of Flat Panel Displays Appendix 2: Optical Units of Displays Appendix 3: Properties of Polarized Light References Index
Foreword Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition About the Author 1 Introduction 2 Liquid Crystal Materials and Liquid Crystal Cells 2.1 Properties of Liquid Crystals 3 Electro-optic Effects in Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystals 3.1 The Planar and Harmonic Wave of Light 3.2 Propagation of Polarized Light in Birefringent Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells 4 Electro-optic Effects in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals 4.1 The Propagation of Polarized Light in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells 4.2 The Various Types of TN Cells 4.3 Electronically Controlled Birefringence for the Generation of Colour 5 Descriptions of Polarization 5.1 The Characterizations of Polarization 5.2 A Differential Equation for the Propagation of Polarized Light through Anisotropic Media 5.3 Special Cases for Propagation of Light 6 Propagation of Light with an Arbitrary Incident Angle through Anisotropic Media 6.1 Basic Equations for the Propagation of Light 6.2 Enhancement of the Performance of LC Cells 6.3 Electro-optic Effects with Wide Viewing Angle 6.4 Multidomain VA Cells, Especially for TV 6.5 Polarizers with Increased Luminous Output 6.6 Two Non-birefringent Foils 7 Modified Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 7.1 Polymer Dispersed LCDs (PDLCDs) 7.2 Guest-Host Displays 8 Bistable Liquid Crystal Displays 8.1 Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays (FLCDs) 8.2 Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 8.3 Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 9 Continuously Light Modulating Ferroelectric Displays 9.1 Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Devices 9.2 Antiferroelectric LCDs 10 Addressing Schemes for Liquid Crystal Displays 11 Direct Addressing 12 Passive Matrix Addressing of TN Displays 12.1 The Basic Addressing Scheme and the Law of Alt and Pleshko 12.2 Implementation of PM Addressing 12.3 Multiple Line Addressing 12.4 Two Frequency Driving of PMLCDs 13 Passive Matrix Addressing of Bistable Displays 13.1 Addressing of Ferroelectric LCDs 13.2 Addressing of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 14 Addressing of Liquid Crystal Displays with a-Si Thin Film Transistors (a-Si-TFTs) 14.1 Properties of a-Si Thin Film Transistors 14.2 Static Operation of TFTs in an LCD 14.3 The Dynamics of Switching by TFTs 14.4 Bias-Temperature Stress Test of TFTs 14.5 Drivers for AMLCDs 14.6 The Entire Addressing System 14.7 Layouts of Pixels with TFT Switches 14.8 Fabrication Processes of a-Si TFTs 14.9 Addressing of VA Displays 14.10 Motion Blur 14.11 The Optical Response of a VA Cell 14.12 Reduction of the Optical Response Time by a Special Addressing Waveform 15 Addressing of LCDs with Poly Si-TFTs 15.1 Fabrication Steps for Top-Gate and Bottom-Gate Poly-Si TFTs 15.2 Laser Crystallization by Scanning or Large Area Anneal 15.3 Lightly Doped Drains for Poly-Si TFTs 15.4 The Kink Effect and its Suppression 15.5 Circuits with Poly-Si TFTs 16 Liquid Crystal on Silicon Displays 16.1 Fabrication of LCOS with DRAM-Type Analog Addressing 16.2 SRAM-Type Digital Addressing of LCOS 16.3 Microdisplays Using LCOS Technology 17 Addressing of Liquid Crystal Displays with Metal-Insulator-Metal Pixel Switches 18 Addressing of LCDs with Two-Terminal Devices and Optical, Plasma, Laser and e-beam Techniques 19 Components of LCD Cells 19.1 Additive Colours Generated by Absorptive Photosensitive Pigmented Colour Filters 19.2 Additive and Subtractive Colours Generated by Reflective Dichroic Colour Filters 19.3 Colour Generation by Three Stacked Displays 19.4 LED Backlights 19.5 Cell Assembly 20 Projectors with Liquid Crystal Light Valves 20.1 Single Transmissive Light Valve Systems 20.2 Systems with Three Light Valves 20.3 Projectors with Two LC Light Valves 20.4 A Rear Projector with One or Three Light Valves 20.5 A Projector with Three Optically Addressed Light Valves 21 Liquid Crystal Displays with Plastic Substrates 21.1 Advantages of Plastic Substrates 21.2 Plastic Substrates and their Properties 21.3 Barrier Layers for Plastic Substrates 21.4 Thermo-Mechanical Problems with Plastics 21.5 Fabrication of TFTs and MIMs at low Process Temperatures 22 Printing of Layers for LC-Cells 22.1 Printing Technologies 22.2 Surface Properties for Printing 22.3 Printing of Components for Displays 22.4 Cell Building by Lamination Appendix 1: Formats of Flat Panel Displays Appendix 2: Optical Units of Displays Appendix 3: Properties of Polarized Light References Index
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