- - scope of intervention in margin squeeze cases both for national regulatory and national competition authorities;
- - conditions for sanctioning margin squeeze under Article 102;
- - methodological and practical difficulties in identifying a margin squeeze;
- - methodology employed in margin squeeze cases and its regulatory aspects;
- - assessment of the ability and incentives of regulated firms to engage in a margin squeeze; and
- - situations when competition law is used to address the deficits of regulation and regulatory failures.
It also includes a critical comparison of the vertical foreclosure analysis undertaken in margin squeeze cases with the approach adopted in the EU Non-Horizontal Merger Guidelines. Throughout the analysis, margin squeeze treatment in the European Union and its Member States is examined in light of the diverging approach adopted by the US Supreme Court.
The increasing complexity of the electronic communications market can only further confound an already complex assessment of price squeezes, and one can expect that claims of anticompetitive margin squeeze in liberalised network industries will continue to be high on the enforcement agenda of competition authorities for years to come. In light of the need for a coherent, or at least predictable, sentencing policy to provide relative legal certainty, the research in this book proves invaluable. The analysis and conclusions discussed in this book will be welcomed by policymakers, regulators, and lawyers working in the areas of competition law and electronic communications law.
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