Microbial Nutraceuticals (eBook, PDF)

Products and Processes
Redaktion: Singh, Sudhir Pratap; Upadhyay, Santosh Kumar

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

An exploration of the latest advances in the application of microbial nutraceuticals in healthcare, food production, and agriculture

In Microbial Nutraceuticals: Products and Processes, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an up-to-date and authoritative discussion of the recent advances in the application of microbial nutraceuticals and their implementation in the health, food, and agriculture sectors. The book begins with an overview of microbial nutraceuticals before moving on to discussions of more specific topics, including microbial cell factories for the production of essential amino acids, microbial production of dietary short-chain fatty acids, and microbial sources for bioactive peptides conferring health benefits.

Readers will also find:

• A thorough introduction to symbiotic products with nutraceutical impact
• Comprehensive explorations of postbiotic supplements with nutraceutical significance
• Practical discussions of microbial production of carotenoids
• Complete treatments of microbial engineering for multivitamin production

This book is intended for academics, scientists, and researchers working in the field of microbial nutraceuticals. Additionally, it will benefit professionals working in the agri-biotech industries, as well as graduate and post-graduate students with an interest in the subject.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 490
• Erscheinungstermin: 18. Juli 2025
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781394241521
• Artikelnr.: 74947753

Autorenporträt

Sudhir Pratap Singh is Professor in the Department of Industrial Biotechnology at the Gujarat Biotechnology University in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. He works in gene mining and biocatalyst engineering for enzymatic production of industrial biomolecules. Santosh Kumar Upadhyay is Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany at Panjab University in Chandigarh, India. He works in plant molecular biology for the isolation and characterization and recombinant production of various defense related and industrial proteins.

Inhaltsangabe

About the Editors xv Preface xvii 1 Microbial Nutraceuticals: An Overview 1 Ashish Kumar Singh, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay, and Sudhir Pratap Singh 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Overview of Microbial Nutraceuticals 1 1.2 Microbial Production of Nutrients 2 1.2.1 Microbial Amino Acid and Peptide Production 2 1.2.2 Dietary Short- Chain Fatty Acid Production 3 1.3 Oligosaccharide Production 3 1.3.1 Prebiotic Oligosaccharide Molecule Production in Microbial Cells 3 1.3.2 Microbial Transformation and Bio- production of High- Value Rare Functional Sugars: Sources, Methods, and Safety Aspects 4 1.3.3 Microbial Production of High- Value Polyphenolics 5 1.3.4 Specialized Carbohydrate Production 5 1.3.5 Polymeric Nutraceuticals 6 1.4 Advanced Nutraceutical Products and Processes 6 1.4.1 Functional Nutraceutical Products 6 1.4.2 Specialized Nutrient Molecules 8 1.5 Safety and Regulatory Aspects 10 1.6 Alternative Sources 10 Acknowledgements 11 References 11 2 Microbial Cell Factories for the Production of Essential Amino Acids 23 Susana Calderón- Toledo, César Salcedo- Okuma, and Amparo Iris Zavaleta 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Essential Amino Acid Biosynthesis 24 2.2.1 Methionine 24 2.2.2 Valine 25 2.2.3 Tryptophan 27 2.2.4 Phenylalanine 28 2.2.5 Lysine 29 2.2.6 Leucine 30 2.2.7 Threonine 31 2.2.8 Isoleucine 33 2.2.9 Histidine 34 2.3 Fermentation Strategies 34 2.4 Perspectives and Challenges 35 References 36 3 Microbial Production of Dietary Short- Chain Fatty Acids 45 Alexandra Wallimann 3.1 Background 45 3.2 SCFA Generation and Its Producing Microbes 46 3.2.1 Acetate 46 3.2.2 Propionate 46 3.2.3 Butyrate 46 3.2.4 Valerate 47 3.2.5 Formate 47 3.3 Mechanism of Actions 48 3.4 Impact on Host Health 48 3.5 Potential of SCFAs as Therapeutics 49 3.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 50 References 50 4 Microbial Sources for Bioactive Peptides Conferring Health Benefits 55 Amin Abbasi, Hadi Pourjafar, Hamideh Fathi Zavoshti, Sara Bazzaz, Parmis Mirzaei, Elham Sheykhsaran, and Hedayat Hosseini 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Overview of Bioactive Peptides 56 4.3 Production and Processing of Bioactive Peptides 58 4.3.1 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 58 4.3.2 Microbial Fermentation 59 4.4 The Role of LAB Proteolytic Systems in the Liberation of Bioactive Peptides 60 4.5 Purification and Identification 61 4.6 Promising Health- Promoting Effects 62 4.6.1 Hypocholesterolemic and Hypolipidemic Effects 62 4.6.2 Antithrombotic Effect 63 4.6.3 Antihypertensive Activity 63 4.6.4 Mineral- Binding Activity 65 4.6.5 Opiate- Like Activity 65 4.7 The Impact of Processing Procedures on the Bioactivity of Peptides 66 4.8 Possible Bioactive Peptide Applications 67 4.9 One Advancement Over Linear Peptides with Cyclic Peptides 68 4.10 Computer- based Methods for Peptide Research Utilization 69 4.11 Challenges in Bioactive Peptide Development 70 4.12 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 70 References 71 5 Prebiotic Oligosaccharide Production in Microbial Cells 81 Avijeet S. Jaswal, Saroj Mishra, and R. Elangovan 5.1 Oligosaccharides as Prebiotics 81 5.2 Structural Diversity of Prebiotic Oligosaccharides and Mechanism of Action 82 5.2.1 Structures of Various Existing and Emerging Prebiotics 83 5.2.1.1 Galactooligosaccharides 83 5.2.1.2 Fructooligosaccharides 83 5.2.1.3 Chitooligosaccharides 84 5.2.1.4 Malto- and Isomaltooligosaccharides 84 5.2.1.5 Mannooligosaccharides 84 5.2.1.6 Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides 84 5.2.1.7 Xylooligosaccharides 85 5.2.2 General Mechanisms of Action of Prebiotics 85 5.3 Enzymes Involved in the Production of GOSs and FOSs 88 5.4 Microbial Systems for the Synthesis of GOSs and FOSs 90 5.4.1 Production of GOSs Using Bacterial and Fungal Systems 91 5.4.2 Production of FOSs Using Bacterial and Fungal Systems 93 5.4.2.1 FOSs Production in Bacterial Systems 94 5.4.2.2 FOSs Production in Fungal Systems 95 5.5 Novel Prebiotic Oligosaccharides 97 5.5.1 Pectic Oligosaccharides 97 5.5.2 Resistant Starch 98 5.5.3 Polydextrose 98 5.5.4 Polyphenols and Flavanols 98 5.5.5 Lactulose 99 5.5.6 Human Milk Oligosaccharides 99 5.5.7 Synbiotics 99 5.5.8 Mushrooms 100 5.6 Future Perspectives 100 References 101 6 Bio- production of Rare Sugars, Applications, Safety, and Health Benefits 115 Sweety Sharma, Satya Narayan Patel, Suresh D. Pillai, Jyoti Yadav, and Sudhir Pratap Singh 6.1 Introduction 115 6.2 d-Allulose 115 6.2.1 Physiological Functions and Health Benefits 117 6.2.1.1 Anti- obesity and Antidiabetic Effects 119 6.2.1.2 Anti- hyperlipidemic Effects 119 6.2.1.3 Anti- inflammatory and Antioxidative Effects 119 6.3 d- Allose 119 6.3.1 Physiological Functions and Health Benefits 120 6.3.1.1 Anticancer and Antitumor Properties 120 6.3.1.2 Antioxidant Properties 122 6.3.1.3 Anti- inflammatory Effects 122 6.3.1.4 Cryoprotective, Immunosuppressive, and Other Characteristics 122 6.3.1.5 Sweetener and Food Additive 122 6.3.1.6 Benefits of d- Allose in Plants 122 6.4 Trehalose 122 6.4.1 Physiological Functions and Health Benefits 123 6.4.1.1 Cryopreservation 123 6.4.1.2 Blood Sugar and Insulin Response 125 6.4.1.3 Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis and Lipid Metabolism 125 6.4.1.4 Antioxidant and Anti- inflammatory Effects 125 6.4.1.5 Gut Microbiome Modulation 125 6.4.1.6 Dental Health and Weight Management 125 6.4.1.7 Stress Regulator in Plants 126 6.5 d- Tagatose 126 6.5.1 Physiological Functions and Health Benefits 127 6.5.1.1 Oral Health 127 6.5.1.2 Prebiotic and Systemic Health 127 6.5.1.3 Antiaging 128 6.5.1.4 d- Tagatose Restricts Plant Pathogen 128 6.6 d- Talose 128 6.7 Turanose 129 6.7.1 Physiological Functions 129 6.7.1.1 Blood Sugar Control and Weight Management 129 6.7.1.2 Anti- inflammatory Properties 129 6.7.1.3 Prebiotic Effects 129 6.7.1.4 Gut and Dental Health 130 6.7.1.5 Pathogen Detection 130 6.7.1.6 Honey Authentication 131 6.7.1.7 Food Processing and Osmoprotection 131 6.8 Conclusion 131 References 131 7 Microbial Engineering for the Production of High- value Polyphenolics 145 Deepak Sharma, Shweta Kamboj, Maninder Jeet Kaur, Ranju Kumari Rathour, and Nitish Sharma 7.1 Introduction 145 7.2 Properties and Classification of Polyphenols 146 7.2.1 Phenolic Acid 147 7.2.2 Flavonoids 148 7.2.3 Non- flavonoids 148 7.3 Sources of Polyphenols 148 7.3.1 Plant as a Source for Polyphenols 149 7.3.2 Microbes as Polyphenol Source 149 7.4 Metabolic Engineering of Bacteria for Polyphenol Production 152 7.4.1 Genetic Engineering Approach for Polyphenol Production in Bacteria 153 7.4.2 Genetic Engineering of Fungi for Polyphenol Production 154 7.5 Model Organisms for Polyphenol Production 155 7.5.1 Yeast 156 7.5.2 Escherichia coli 157 7.5.3 Corynebacterium Glutamicum 157 7.6 Examples of Some Important Polyphenols Produced in E. coli 157 7.7 Conclusion and Future Directions 158 References 158 8 Microbial Approaches for Lactose Transformation into High- value Rare Sugars 167 Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Amit Kumar Rai, and Sudhir Pratap Singh 8.1 Introduction 167 8.2 Lactose- derived Rare Sugar Production Through Microbial Approach 168 8.2.1 Lactosucrose 168 8.2.2 Tagatose 169 8.2.3 Lactulose 173 8.2.4 Epilactose 174 8.3 Conclusion 176 Acknowledgements 176 References 176 9 Engineering Microbial Pathways for the Production of 2
- Fucosyllactose 183 Vijaya Bharathi Srinivasan, Balvinder Singh, and Govindan Rajamohan 9.1 Introduction 183 9.1.1 Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) 183 9.1.2 Biological Properties and Functions of 2
- FL 184 9.2 Human Milk Microbiome 185 9.2.1 Chemical Synthesis of 2
- FL 185 9.2.2 Enzymatic Synthesis of 2
- FL 186 9.2.3 Biological Production of 2
- FL Through Genetic Engineering Strategies 187 9.2.4 Engineering Gram- Negative Bacterial Host [Escherichia coli] for 2
- FL Production 187 9.2.5 Engineering Gram- Positive Bacterial Host for 2
- FL Production 189 9.2.6 Engineering Yeast for 2
- FL Production 189 9.2.7 Global Regulatory Approval, Commercialization, Market Value, and Application of 2
- FL 190 9.3 Challenges or Future Outlook 191 9.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 192 Acknowledgement 193 References 193 10 Microbial Production of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) 197 Prakram Singh Chauhan, Tripti Dadheech, and Arunika Saxena 10.1 Introduction 197 10.2 Type and Structure of HMOs 198 10.3 Different Methods for HMO Production 200 10.3.1 Chemical Synthesis 200 10.3.2 Enzymatic Synthesis (Chemoenzymatic HMO Synthesis) 203 10.3.2.1 Glycosyltransferase 203 10.3.2.2 Glycosidase 205 10.3.3 Microbial Cell Factories (Whole- Cell Reaction Method) 206 10.3.3.1 2
- Fucosyllactose 208 10.4 Strategies for Enhanced HMO Production 211 10.4.1 Designing Cell Factories for Commercial Synthesis 212 10.4.2 Modification of Metabolic Pathway 212 10.4.2.1 Exploitation of Lactose Substrate for Producing HMOs 212 10.4.2.2 Engineering of GDP- l- Fucose Pool Occurring Inside a Cell 212 10.4.2.3 Transferase Expression and Engineering 213 10.4.2.4 Exporting Product Outside Cell 213 10.4.3 Process of Fermentation and Scaling- up 213 10.4.4 Quality of the Product and Downstream Processes 214 10.5 Purification Methods 214 10.6 Global Demand and Recent Market Aspects of HMOs 215 10.6.1 HMOs' Market Segmental Analysis 216 10.6.2 HMO Market Analysis by Product 216 10.6.3 HMOs' Market Regional Analyzes None 217 10.6.4 Factors Affecting the HMOs' Market 217 10.6.5 Dairy Oligosaccharide Industry Restrictions 217 10.6.6 Competition Landscape of the Global Human Milk Oligosaccharides' (HMOs') Market 217 10.6.7 Latest Trends in the HMO Market 218 10.6.8 Highlights of Global HMOs' Market 218 10.7 Applications of HMOs 218 10.7.1 Functions of HMOs 219 10.7.2 Involvement of HMOs as if Prebiotics 219 10.7.3 Antiadhesive and Antimicrobial Characteristics of HMOs 220 10.7.4 HMO's Impact on Intestinal Epithelial Cells 221 10.7.5 HMO's Influence on Immune Cells 221 10.8 Conclusion and Future Outlook 221 References 222 11 Beta (ß)- glucan as Microbial Polymer with Nutraceutical Potential: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Extraction, Identification, and Industrial Production of Bioactive Compound for Human Health 231 Pawan Prabhakar, Deepak Kumar Verma, and Mamoni Banerjee 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 Classification, Chemistry, and Biosynthesis of ß- glucan 233 11.2.1 Biosynthesis of ß- glucan in Bacteria 234 11.2.2 Biosynthesis of ß- glucan in Fungi 235 11.2.3 Biosynthesis of ß- glucan in Microalgae 235 11.3 Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of ß- glucan from Microbial Source 236 11.4 Biotechnological Process for the Production of ß- glucan from Microbes 239 11.4.1 Bacteria 239 11.4.2 Fungi 240 11.4.3 Microalgae 243 11.5 Pharmacological and Nutritional Properties of ß- glucan 243 11.5.1 Anticancerous 243 11.5.2 Antihyperglycemic Effect 244 11.5.3 Antihypercholesterolemic and Anti- obesity 245 11.5.4 Antioxidant Activity 246 11.5.5 Immunomodulatory Activities 246 11.5.6 Antimicrobial Activity 246 11.6 Future Prospective ß- glucan as Microbial Nutraceuticals 247 11.7 Concluding Remarks 248 Contribution of Authors 248 Conflict of Research Interests 248 References 248 12 Multifaceted Role of Synbiotic Products with Nutraceutical Impact 257 Mariana Buranelo Egea, Josemar Gonçalves de Oliveira Filho, and Ailton Cesar Lemes 12.1 Introduction 257 12.2 Beneficial Effects and Selection Criteria 258 12.2.1 Beneficial Effects 258 12.2.2 Selection Criteria of Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotics 259 12.3 Human Synbiotic Types 260 12.3.1 Main Prebiotics for Human Consumption 261 12.3.2 Main Probiotics for Human Consumption 262 12.3.3 Main Combinations of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Synbiotic Products 263 12.4 Mechanism of Action of Synbiotics 263 12.5 Action of Synbiotics in Humans 264 12.6 Final Considerations 267 Acknowledgment 268 References 268 13 Postbiotic Supplements with Nutraceutical Significance 273 Amin Abbasi, Hedayat Hosseini, Hadi Pourjafar, Leili Aghebati Maleki, Atiyeh Ghafouri Ghotbabad, Sahar Sabahi, Parvin Orojzade, and Mohammadreza Ziavand 13.1 Introduction 273 13.2 Biological Actions of Postbiotics 274 13.2.1 In Vitro Investigations of Bioactivities 274 13.2.2 In Vivo Investigation of Bioactivities 278 13.2.2.1 Infection Prevention 280 13.2.2.2 Infection of Enteric 280 13.2.2.3 Allergic Reactions 281 13.2.2.4 Infections of Respiratory Tract 282 13.2.2.5 Gastroenteritis 282 13.2.2.6 Further Clinical Applications 283 13.2.3 Postbiotics in Childhood 284 13.2.3.1 Principal Applications of Postbiotics in Children 284 13.2.3.2 Postbiotics for the Health of Newborns and Premature Infants 286 13.3 Gut Dysbiosis Therapy Based on Mineral- Enriched Postbiotics 286 13.4 Promising Use of Postbiotics in the Medical or Pharmaceutical Sectors 289 13.5 Safety Regulations and Terminology Challenges 291 13.6 Conclusion 293 References 293 14 Innovative Approaches for the Microbial Production of Carotenoids 301 Rajni Kumari, Monika, V Vivekanand, and Nidhi Pareek 14.1 Introduction to Microbial Carotenoid Production 301 14.2 Carotenoids: A Structure- based Approach to Biosynthesis 303 14.3 Microbial Sources of Carotenoid Production 305 14.4 Factors Affecting Microbial Production of Carotenoid 306 14.5 Approaches for Enhancement of Carotenoid Production 307 14.5.1 Metabolic Pathway Engineering 309 14.5.2 Gene Overexpressing and Knockout 310 14.5.3 Fed- Batch and Continuous Fermentation 311 14.5.4 Consortia Engineering 311 14.5.5 CRISPR- Cas Genome Editing 312 14.5.6 Stress Induction 312 14.5.7 Directed Evolution 313 14.6 Fermentation Processes, Bioreactor Design, and Downstream Processing 313 14.7 Applications of Microbial Carotenoids 314 14.7.1 Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Applications 314 14.7.2 Food Coloring and Cosmetic Industry 315 14.7.3 Antioxidant Properties and Health Benefits 315 14.8 Challenges and Future Perspectives 315 14.9 Conclusion 316 References 316 15 Exploring the Chemistry and Sources of Microbial 1,2- Propanediol [Propylene glycol] with a Focus on Biosynthesis, Extraction, and Identification for Nutraceutical Significance and Human Health 325 Alaa Kareem Niamah, Shayma Thyab Gddoa Al- Sahlany, Deepak Kumar Verma, Amit Kumar Singh, Manish Kumar Singh, Rakesh Mohan Shukla, Smita Singh, Ami R. Patel, Gemilang Lara Utama, Mónica L. Chávez González, José Sandoval- Cortés, Prem Prakash Srivastav, and Cristobal Noe Aguilar 15.1 Introduction 325 15.2 Structure and Chemistry of Microbial 1,2- Propanediol 327 15.3 Sources and Synthesis of 1,2- Propanediol 329 15.3.1 Sources of Microbial 1,2- Propanediol 329 15.3.2 Synthesis of 1,2- Propanediol 329 15.3.2.1 Chemical Production 329 15.3.2.2 Microbial Production 331 15.3.2.3 Deployed Biochemical Pathways for Synthesis 333 15.4 Extraction, Identification, and Characterization Process 334 15.5 Nutraceutical Importance and Human Health 338 15.6 Prospective Future and Research Opportunities 340 15.7 Concluding Remarks 342 References 343 16 Innovations in the Production of Multivitamins in Microbial Factories 349 Nupur, Mohit Kumar, Aditi Singh, Neeraj Agarwal, Narendra Kumar, and Santosh Kumar Mishra 16.1 Introduction 349 16.1.1 Overview and Classification of Multivitamins 350 16.1.2 Definition and Need of Microbial Factories 350 16.2 Microbial Factories for Multivitamin Production 350 16.2.1 Role of Microbial Factories in Vitamin Synthesis 353 16.2.2 Advantages of Using Microbial Factories 353 16.2.3 Types of Microorganisms Used in Multivitamin Production 354 16.3 Innovations in Multivitamin Production 354 16.3.1 Genetic Engineering Techniques for Enhanced Vitamin Synthesis 354 16.3.2 Optimization of Fermentation Processes 359 16.3.3 Novel Approaches for Vitamin Extraction and Purification 359 16.3.4 Advances in Encapsulation and Delivery Systems 360 16.4 Current Scenario and Future Prospects 360 References 360 17 An Overview of GABA Production by Microorganisms 365 Hend Altaib, Mahmoud A. M. El- Nouby, and Yassien Badr 17.1 Introduction 365 17.2 Chemical Structure and Biosynthesis of GABA 366 17.3 Physiological and Biological Functions of GABA for Microorganisms and Carrier Hosts 366 17.3.1 Role in Microorganisms 366 17.3.2 Role of Microbial GABA for the Carrier Host 369 17.3.3 Role of GABA in Plants 369 17.4 Applications for GABA 370 17.5 Critical Parameters for Enhanced Microbial GABA Production from Microorganisms 372 17.5.1 Optimizing Fermentation Process (Type of Fermentation- Substrate- pH) 372 17.5.1.1 The Effect of Media Additives and Fermentation- Substrate 378 17.5.1.2 The Effect of pH 378 17.5.1.3 Temperature Influence 379 17.5.1.4 Cultivation Time Impact 380 17.5.2 Methodology of Design of Experiments (DOE) 380 17.5.3 Genetic Engineering 381 17.5.4 Physiology- oriented Engineering 382 17.5.5 Co- culture Engineering 383 17.6 Models of Engineered GABA Producer Organisms 383 17.6.1 Corynebacterium 383 17.6.2 Lab 384 17.6.3 Bifidobacterium 385 17.6.4 E. coli 386 17.7 Conclusion 386 Abbreviations 387 References 387 18 Promising GRAS Strains for Production of Nutraceuticals 399 Sanjay Kala, Shashank Singh, Chayanika Kala, and Anurag Singh 18.1 Introduction 399 18.1.1 Nutraceuticals 399 18.1.2 Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) Strains 400 18.1.3 Lactobacillus Strains 400 18.1.4 Bifidobacterium Strains 401 18.1.5 Saccharomyces Species 402 18.1.6 Bacillus Species 403 18.1.7 Streptococcus Species 404 18.1.8 Enterococcus faecium 405 18.1.9 Propionibacterium freudenreichii 405 18.1.10 Clostridium butyricum 406 18.1.11 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 406 18.1.12 Escherichia coli Nissle 406 18.1.13 Torulaspora delbrueckii 407 18.1.14 Corynebacterium glutamicum 407 18.1.15 Yarrowia lipolytica 408 18.2 Conclusion 408 Acknowledgment 408 Conflict of Interest 409 References 409 19 Microalgae: A Sustainable Source for Next- Generation Nutraceuticals 413 Neha Goel and Poonam Choudhary 19.1 Introduction 413 19.2 Microalgae: A Source for Nutraceutical Products 414 19.2.1 Microalgae and Its Biological Importance 415 19.2.2 Nutraceuticals from Microalgae: Types and Significance 420 19.2.2.1 Dietary Supplements 420 19.2.2.2 Functional and Medicinal Foods 422 19.2.2.3 Pharmaceuticals 424 19.3 Bioprocess Development of Nutraceutical Products 429 19.3.1 Bioprocessing of Microalgal Nutraceuticals 429 19.3.2 Downstream Processing Techniques for Product Recovery 430 19.3.2.1 Cell Recovery 430 19.3.2.2 Cell Disruption 431 19.3.2.3 Product Purification 435 19.3.2.4 Product Polishing 436 19.4 Economics and Market Demand of Nutraceuticals from Microalgae 436 19.5 Conclusion 438 References 439 Index 000