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Understand the role of network communications in the private sector with this timely guide 4G and 5G wireless communication technologies have come to dominate network communications in recent years, and their expansion is only continuing. Most existing treatments of this key subject, however, deal with large-scale public networks, not the private networks whose deployment constitutes one of the major current growth areas in wireless technology. There is an urgent need for a guide to network communication deployment specifically for private enterprises. Mobile Communication Systems for…mehr
Understand the role of network communications in the private sector with this timely guide
4G and 5G wireless communication technologies have come to dominate network communications in recent years, and their expansion is only continuing. Most existing treatments of this key subject, however, deal with large-scale public networks, not the private networks whose deployment constitutes one of the major current growth areas in wireless technology. There is an urgent need for a guide to network communication deployment specifically for private enterprises.
Mobile Communication Systems for Private Networks meets this need with a cutting-edge but accessible overview of the subject. Alerting to the specific needs of the private enterprise network and the disruption potential of cellular network operations, it surveys the early lessons of the global private network rollout for the benefit of future operations. With an eye towards future challenges and developments, this essential text is suitable for professionals in the network communications industry and its partners.
Readers will also find:
The background required to design, deploy, and manage enterprise private networks driven by 4G and 5G technologies
Detailed discussion of topics including fundamentals of 4G & 5G, standards bodies and their role in defining specifications for private networks, layer 3 concepts, IP connectivity, and many more
Solutions to the urgent need for ubiquitous 5-bar connectivity both indoor and outdoor
Mobile Communication Systems for Private Networks is an ideal reference for end user devices, network operators, chip manufacturers, researchers, and all other professionals and stakeholders with roles in the information and operational technology industries.
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Autorenporträt
Srinivasan Balasubramanian is an industry expert in telecommunications, networking, and enterprise systems, with extensive experience across multiple generations of cellular technology, including both 4G and 5G. He has relationships across the network operations field, and his 532+ patents make him a proven innovator.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xxi Acknowledgments xxxv Introduction xxvii Part I Laying the Foundation 1 I.1 LTE Fundamentals 3 I.1.1 Introduction 3 I.1.2 LTE Network Architecture 4 I.1.3 LTE Identifiers 5 I.1.4 Broadcast Signals/Messages and Cell Selection 9 I.1.5 What Happens When a UE Is Switched On? 10 I.1.6 LTE Resource Grid 15 I.1.7 RACH Procedure 15 I.1.8 RRC Connection Setup 15 I.1.9 Non- access Stratum Procedures 15 I.1.10 DL Packet Transmission 27 I.1.11 UL Packet Transmission 33 I.1.12 Encryption 35 I.1.13 Channel Estimation 37 I.1.14 Layer 2 Protocols 38 I.1.15 Cell Reselection 47 I.1.16 Connected Mode Mobility 53 I.1.17 Timing Advance 55 I.1.18 Summary 58 Reference 59 Part I.2 NR Fundamentals 61 I.2.1 5G NR Fundamentals 63 I.2.1.1 5G NR Introduction 63 I.2.1.2 Channel Bandwidth 66 I.2.1.3 NR Network Architecture 69 I.2.1.4 RAN Evolution 74 I.2.1.5 Summary 92 References 92 I.2.2 NR Physical Layer 93 I.2.2.1 Introduction 93 I.2.2.2 Physical Channels and Reference Signals 93 I.2.2.3 NR UE Acquisition 97 I.2.2.4 Control Resource Set 100 I.2.2.5 NR UE Scheduling 105 I.2.2.6 NR PUCCH Operations 106 I.2.2.7 NR MIMO Operations 111 I.2.2.8 NR Power Control 112 I.2.2.9 Summary 114 Reference 114 I.2.3 Beamforming and Massive MIMO 115 I.2.3.1 Introduction 115 I.2.3.2 Beamforming - Spatial Diversity 116 I.2.3.3 Beam Management 119 I.2.3.4 Massive MIMO, Operation in UL and dl 119 I.2.3.5 Summary 126 Further Reading 127 I.2.4 NR Millimeter Wave 129 I.2.4.1 mmWave Introduction 129 I.2.4.2 Mitigative Techniques to Operate with mmWave 130 I.2.4.3 Summary 132 References 132 I.2.5 NR Unlicensed 135 I.2.5.1 Introduction 135 I.2.5.2 Techniques Introduced in 3GPP to Aid NR- U 137 I.2.5.3 Summary 143 References 143 I.2.6 NR Mobility 145 I.2.6.1 Introduction 145 I.2.6.2 Connected Mode Mobility - NSA Option 3 Family 152 I.2.6.3 Summary 153 References 153 I.2.7 NR Protocols 157 I.2.7.1 Introduction 157 I.2.7.2 NSA Option 3 Mode of Operation 158 I.2.7.3 5G NR RRC States: SA Option 2 159 I.2.7.4 PDCP Duplication 159 I.2.7.5 SDAP Layer 161 I.2.7.6 PDCP Functions 163 I.2.7.7 RLC Functions 163 I.2.7.8 MAC Layer 164 I.2.7.9 Summary 167 References 167 I.3 Standards 171 I.3.1 3gpp 171 I.3.2 WinnForum Specifications for Shared Spectrum Usage 172 I.3.3 OnGo Alliance 176 I.3.4 Small Cell Forum 178 I.3.5 GSMA 178 I.3.6 5G ACIA 182 I.3.7 O- RAN Alliance 183 I.3.8 National Spectrum Consortium 185 I.3.9 Summary 185 References 186 Part II Technological Framework 187 Part II.1 Radio Access Network Aspects 189 II.1.1 Global Private Spectrum Allocations 191 II.1.1.1 Introduction 191 Ii.1.1.2 Pathss 196 Ii.1.1.3 Summary 197 References 197 II.1.2 CBRS Fundamentals 199 II.1.2.1 Concept of Shared Spectrum 199 II.1.2.2 CBRS Overview 201 II.1.2.3 CBRS Spectrum 203 II.1.2.4 CBRS User Categories 205 II.1.2.5 PAL Channel Allocation 207 II.1.2.6 Secondary Market 207 II.1.2.7 CBRS Architecture 208 II.1.2.8 Environmental Sensing Capability 211 II.1.2.9 Domain Proxy 211 II.1.2.10 Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD) - eNB/gNB 211 II.1.2.11 CBRS Identifiers 213 II.1.2.12 CBSD Interactions with the SAS 217 II.1.2.13 User Equipment 218 II.1.2.14 Summary 219 References 219 II.1.3 RAN Scheduler 221 II.1.3.1 Introduction 221 II.1.3.2 Background 221 II.1.3.3 Typical Goals of a RAN Scheduler 222 II.1.3.4 Scheduler Configurations 223 II.1.3.5 Per Flow Input Parameters 225 II.1.3.6 UE Scheduler Fairness Time- Period Window 225 II.1.3.7 Fairness Factor 225 II.1.3.8 CQI Bias (W CQI) 226 II.1.3.9 Packet Delay Budget Weight (W PDB) 227 II.1.3.10 Per Flow Instantaneous Scheduling Priority 227 II.1.3.11 PFS Implementation 228 II.1.3.12 Summary 231 Further Reading 231 II.1.4 RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 233 II.1.4.1 Introduction 233 II.1.4.2 AI/ML for 5G in 3GPP 235 II.1.4.3 RIC High- Level Architecture 237 II.1.4.4 RIC Architecture 237 II.1.4.5 A1 and E2 Compliance 247 II.1.4.6 Integration with NWDAF 248 II.1.4.7 Summary 250 References 250 II.1. 5 Enterprise RAN Slice 253 II.1.5.1 Introduction 253 II.1.5.2 MNO Users Obtaining Resources from NHN Deployments 257 II.1.5.3 Enterprise Slice RAN Resource Management Concept Proposal for PNI- NPN 265 II.1.5.4 Summary 271 References 272 II.1.6 Self- organizing Networks (SON) 273 II.1.6.1 Graph Theory Application for Self- Organizing Networks 273 II.1.6.2 SON Algorithm Definition 278 II.1.6.3 SAS Functions 280 II.1.6.4 Summary 293 References 293 II.1.7 Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) Techniques 295 II.1.7.1 Introduction 295 II.1.7.2 Introduction of ICIC Features 295 II.1.7.3 Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) 298 II.1.7.4 FFR for CBRS 305 Ii.1.7.5 Proposal for Implementation FFR 307 Ii.1.7.6 Summary 309 References 310 Part II.2 Cellular Core Network 311 II.2.1 Converged Core 313 II.2.1.1 Introduction 313 II.2.1.2 LTE and NR End- to- End Architecture 314 II.2.1.3 LTE and NR Evolution Toward a Converged Core 320 II.2.1.4 Converged Core EPC to 5GC 341 II.2.1.5 Summary 347 References 351 II.2.2 Network Interfaces 353 II.2.2.1 Introduction 353 II2.2.2 LTE Network Interfaces 353 II.2.2.3 5G Protocol Stack 360 II.2.2.4 Summary 364 References 364 II.2.3 Security 367 II.2.3.1 Introduction 367 II.2.3.2 Zero Trust 368 II.2.3.3 Security Aspects of 4G/5G Networks 370 II.2.3.4 Mobile Security and Network Access Control 376 II.2.3.5 4G and 5G Authentication Summary View 381 II.2.3.6 4G/5G and Wi- Fi Security Comparisons 382 II.2.3.7 Summary 384 Further Reading 384 II.2. 4 Network Slices 387 II.2.4.1 Introduction 387 II.2.4.2 QoS Handling in LTE and NR 388 II.2.4.3 NR Slices 400 II.2.4.4 UE Slice Setup/Mobility Call Flow 405 II.2.4.5 NR Slices 407 II.2.4.6 LTE Slices 407 II.2.4.7 RAN Slice Approaches 410 II.2.4.8 Slices E2E 410 II.2.4.9 Enterprise Implementation Implications 412 II.2.4.10 Summary 413 References 413 Part II.3 Neutral Host Networks 417 II.3.1 Neutral Host Network 419 II.3.1.1 Overview 419 II.3.1.2 Comparisons with DAS Solutions 427 II.3.1.3 Enterprise Network as a Neutral Host 429 II.3.1.4 Summary 456 References 457 II.3.2 Admission and Congestion Control 459 II.3.2.1 Introduction 459 II.3.2.2 Summary 462 References 462 II.4 Nonpublic Networks 465 II.4.1 Overview of Nonpublic Networks 465 II.4.2 Stand- Alone Nonpublic Networks 465 II.4.3 Public Network Integrated Nonpublic Networks (PNI- NPN) 470 II.4.4 Summary 474 References 475 II.5 Device Provisioning 477 II.5.1 Introduction 477 II.5.2 Credential Provisioning Framework 478 II.5.3 Credential Distribution Process 479 II.5.4 SIM Provisioning Models 481 II.5.5 Summary 483 References 483 Part III Enterprise Applications 485 III.1 Part III: Enterprise Applications 487 III.2 IIoT Protocols 489 III.2.1 Introduction 489 III.2.2 Industrial IoT (IIoT) Communication Protocols 489 III.2.3 Profinet 492 III.2.4 OPC UA 505 III.2.5 TSN 509 III.2.6 DetNet 512 III.2.7 Summary 515 III.3 IIoT with DetNet and TSN 517 III.3.1 Introduction 517 III.3.2 Integration of IIoT with 5G System 523 III.3.3 5G Features for TSN, TSCTSF, DetNet 525 III.3.4 Summary 527 References 527 III.4 Private Network Verticals 529 III.4.1 Ad Hoc Networks 529 III.4.2 Big Box Retail 531 III.4.3 Campus Emergencies 533 III.4.4 Collaborating Organizations 535 III.4.5 Conference Centers 538 III.4.6 Educational Institutions 540 III.4.7 Offices 545 III.4.8 Ports 546 III.4.9 Warehouse 548 III.4.10 Summary 550 Looking Ahead 551 Acronyms 563 Index 573
