Hebrews 9:24-25 NASB
Jesus interrupted their Seder meal, celebrating Passover. Using unleavened bread and a cup of wine, he instituted the Lord's Supper.
Why does the bread represent Christ's body? God passes over the believer's sin because the Lamb of God's body carried our sin. He suffered and died. His body was broken, like bread.
What represents His death? Life is with the blood. Life ceases when blood stops pouring out of the sacrifice. Wine represents Christ's blood. Wine poured into the cup represents his death. The cup Jesus used probably was a wooden bowl.
What cup represents the new covenant? Once a year on the Day of Atonement, the high priest entered the Holy of Holies. With his finger, he sprinkled blood from the bowl onto the mercy seat. Seven times he did this. This ritual shows God's intent to cleanse sin from his people.
In the heavenly temple, Jesus, the Christ, cleansed us from sin. By showing His blood, He showed his death on our behalf.
The cup is only a tiny piece of the new covenant's inauguration ritual. Yet the cup represents the entire new covenant relationship between God and his people.
This figure of speech is a synecdoche, where a part represents the whole. It is a specialized form of metonym.
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