The Tigris River, with its fast-flowing, volatile currents, was feared and revered as a force of divine energy. The Euphrates, broader and gentler, was a lifeline for irrigation and agriculture. Together, they deposited the silt that fed barley and wheat, creating the agricultural surplus that allowed cities like Uruk, Ur, Eridu, and Lagash to flourish as early as 4000 BCE. Yet, both rivers could turn catastrophic, flooding with little warning, destroying fields, homes, and lives. These unpredictable floods found their echo in the Flood Myth-the story of Ziusudra, later Utnapishtim, surviving the deluge decreed by angry gods.
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