Larry R. Cochard

Netter's Atlas of Human Embryology E-Book (eBook, ePUB)

Netter's Atlas of Human Embryology E-Book

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Here's a rich pictorial review of normal and abnormal human prenatal development. For each body system or region, you'll find a brief description of the developmental plan, with key concepts and terminology, followed by discussions of histological principles, the classification of congenital defects, and basic cellular, molecular, and genetic concepts; An emphasis on morphological patterns in the embryo and fetus makes it easy to understand the structure and function of the adult body and the embryonic basis of birth defects. Summary tables and terminology sections at the end of each chapter, plus an appendix with all major congenital defects and their embryonic basis, make it easy to review course material and prepare for the USMLE.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Elsevier HealthScience EN
• Seitenzahl: 288
• Erscheinungstermin: 15. Juli 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781455739783
• Artikelnr.: 43874449

Inhaltsangabe

Chapter 1 An Overview of Developmental Events, Processes, and Abnormalities . 1 The First and Second Weeks. 2 The Embryonic Period The Early Embryonic Period. 3 The Late Embryonic Period. 4 The Fetal Period. 5 Histological Concepts Samples of Epithelia and Connective Tissue . 6 Skin and Embryonic Connective Tissue. 7 Induction. 8 Apoptosis . 9 Segmentation and Early Pattern Formation Genetic Determination of Embryonic Axes and Segments. 10 Segmentation and Segment Fates. 11 Cell Adhesion and Cell Migration. 12 Cell Differentiation and Cell Fates . 13 Growth Factors. 14 Classification of Abnormal Processes . 15 Classification of Multiple Anomalies. 16 Normal Versus Major Versus Minor Malformations . 17 Marfan Syndrome. 18 Apert and De Lange Syndromes. 19 Examples of Deformations . 20 Example of a Deformation Sequence . 21 Drug-Induced Embryopathies. 22 Terminology. 23 Chapter 2 Early Embryonic Development and the Placenta . 27 Adult Uterus, Ovaries, and Uterine Tubes . 28 Ovary, Ova, and Follicle Development . 29 The Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy. 30 The First Week: . Ovulation, Fertilization and Migration Down the Uterine Tube. 31 Ectopic Pregnancy. 32 Tubal Pregnancy. 33 Interstitial, Abdominal, and Ovarian Pregnancy. 34 The Second Week: . Implantation and Extraembryonic Membrane Formation. 35 The Third Week: Gastrulation. 36 Events Related to Gastrulation:. Neurulation and Early Placenta and Coelom Development . 37 The Fourth Week: Folding of the Gastrula . 38 The Vertebrate Body Plan. 39 Formation of the Placenta. 40 The Endometrium and Fetal Membranes. 41 Placental Structure . 42 External Placental Structure; Placental Membrane. 43 Placental Variations . 44 Placenta Previa. 45 Summary of Ectodermal Derivatives. 46 Summary of Endodermal Derivatives . 47 Summary of Mesodermal Derivatives. 48 Terminology. 49 Chapter 3 The Nervous System. 51 Formation of the Neural Plate. 52 Neurulation. 53 Neural Tube and Neural Crest . 54 Neural Tube Defects Defects of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column. 55 Defects of the Brain and Skull. 56 Neuron Development. 57 Development of the Cellular Sheath of Axons . 58 Development of the Spinal Cord Layers. 59 Development of the Spinal Cord. 60 Peripheral Nervous System Development of the Peripheral Nervous System. 61 Somatic Versus Splanchnic Nerves . 62 Growth of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column. 63 Embryonic Dermatomes. 64 Adult Dermatomes . 65 Development of the Brain Early Brain Development. 66 Further Development of Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain. 67 Development of Major Brain Structures. 68 Growth of the Cerebral Hemispheres. 69 Derivatives of the Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain . 70 Development of the Forebrain Forebrain Wall and Ventricles. 71 Relationship Between Telencephalon and Diencephalon . 72 Cross Sections of the Midbrain and Hindbrain. 73 Production of Cerebrospinal Fluid . 74 Development of Motor Nuclei in the Brainstem. 75 Segmentation of the Hindbrain. 76 Development of the Pituitary Gland. 77 Development of the Ventricles. 78 Congenital Ventricular Defects. 79 Terminology. 80 Chapter 4 The Cardiovascular System. 83 Early Vascular Systems. 84 Vein Development Early Development of the Cardinal Systems . 85 Transformation to the Postnatal Pattern. 86 Vein Anomalies. 87 Aortic Arch Arteries . 88 Artery Anomalies Aortic Arch Anomalies. 89 Anomalous Origins of the Pulmonary Arteries. 90 Intersegmental Arteries and Coarctation of the Aorta. 91 Summary of Embryonic Blood Vessel Derivatives. 92 Formation of Blood Vessels. 93 Formation of the Heart Tube Formation of the Left and Right Heart Tubes. 94 Formation of a Single Heart Tube. 95 Chambers of the Heart Tube. 96 Bending of the Heart Tube. 97 Partitioning of the Heart Tube. 98 Atrial Separation. 99 Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Septum . 100 Completion of the Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Septum. 101 Ventricular Separation and Bulbus Cordis. 102 Adult Derivatives of the Heart Tube Chambers. 103 Fetal Circulation. 104 Transition to Postnatal Circulation . 105 Congenital Heart Defect Concepts. 106 Ventricular Septal Defects. 107 Atrial Septal Defects. 108 Spiral Septum Defects. 109 Patent Ductus Arteriosus. 110 Terminology. 111 Chapter 5 The Respiratory System. 113 Early Primordia. 114 Formation of the Pleural Cavities . 115 The Relationship Between Lungs and Pleural Cavities . 116 Visceral and Parietal Pleura . 117 Development of the Diaphragm. 118 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. 119 Airway Branching The Airway at 4 to 7 Weeks. 120 The Airway at 7 to 10 Weeks. 121 Development of Bronchioles and Alveoli . 122 Bronchial Epithelium Maturation . 123 Congenital Anomalies of the Lower Airway. 124 Airway Branching Anomalies. 125 Bronchopulmonary Sequestration. 126 Palate Formation in the Upper Airway. 127 The Newborn Upper Airway. 128 Terminology. 129 Chapter 6 The Gastrointestinal System and Abdominal Wall . 131 Early Primordia. 132 Formation of the Gut Tube and Mesenteries. 133 Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut. 134 Abdominal Veins . 135 Foregut and Midgut Rotations. 136 Meckel's Diverticulum . 137 Lesser Peritoneal Sac. 138 Introduction to the Retroperitoneal Concept. 139 Midgut Loop. 140 Abdominal Ligaments. 141 Abdominal Foregut Organ Development . 142 Development of Pancreatic Acini and Islets. 143 Congenital Pancreatic Anomalies. 144 Development of the Hindgut . 145 Congenital Anomalies Duplication, Atresia, and Situs Inversus. 146 Megacolon (Hirschsprung's Disease). 147 Summary of Gut Organization . 148 Development of the Abdominal Wall. 149 Umbilical Hernia . 150 The Inguinal Region. 151 Anterior Testis Descent. 152 The Adult Inguinal Region . 153 Anomalies of the Processus Vaginalis. 154 Terminology. 155 Chapter 7 The Urogenital System. 157 Early Primordia. 158 Division of the Cloaca . 159 Congenital Cloacal Anomalies . 160 Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros. 161 Development of the Metanephros. 162 Ascent and Rotation of the Metanephric Kidneys. 163 Kidney Rotation and Migration Anomalies Kidney Rotation Anomalies and Renal Fusion. 164 Kidney Migration Anomalies and Blood Vessel Formation . 165 Hypoplasia. 166 Ureteric Bud Duplication. 167 Ectopic Ureters. 168 Bladder Anomalies. 169 Allantois/Urachus Anomalies . 170 Primordia of the Genital System. 171 8-Week Undifferentiated (Indifferent) Stage . 172 Anterior View of the Derivatives. 173 Paramesonephric Duct Anomalies . 174 Homologues of the External Genital Organs. 175 Hypospadias and Epispadias. 176 Gonadal Differentiation . 177 Testis, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens . 178 Descent of Testis. 179 Ova and Follicles. 180 Summary of Urogenital Primordia and Derivatives. 181 Summary of Genital Primordia and Derivatives . 182 Terminology. 183 Chapter 8 The Musculoskeletal System. 185 Myotomes, Dermatomes, and Sclerotomes. 186 Muscle and Vertebral Column Segmentation . 187 Mesenchymal Primordia at 5 and 6 Weeks . 188 Ossi
cation of the Vertebral Column. 189 Development of the Atlas, Axis, Ribs, and Sternum. 190 Bone Cells and Bone Deposition . 191 Histology of Bone. 192 Membrane Bone and Skull Development. 193 Bone Development in Mesenchyme. 194 Osteon Formation. 195 Compact Bone Development and Remodeling. 196 Endochondral Ossi
cation in a Long Bone. 197 Epiphyseal Growth Plate Epiphyseal Growth Plate. 198 Peripheral Cartilage Function in the Epiphysis. 199 Structure and Function of the Growth Plate. 200 Pathophysiology of the Growth Plate. 201 Ossification in the Newborn Skeleton. 202 Joint Development . 203 Muscular System: Primordia. 204 Segmentation and Division of Myotomes. 205 Epimere, Hypomere, and Muscle Groups. 206 Development and Organization of Limb Buds. 207 Rotation of the Limbs. 208 Limb Rotation and Dermatomes. 209 Embryonic Plan of the Brachial Plexus. 210 Divisions of the Lumbosacral Plexus. 211 Developing Skeletal Muscles . 212 Terminology. 213 Chapter 9 Head and Neck. 215 Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm. 216 Pharyngeal (Branchial) Arches . 217 Ventral and Midsagittal Views . 218 Fate of the Pharyngeal Pouches . 219 Midsagittal View of the Pharynx. 220 Fate of the Pharyngeal Grooves . 221 Pharyngeal Groove and Pouch Anomalies. 222 Pharyngeal Arch Nerves. 223 Sensory Innervation Territories. 224 Development of Pharyngeal Arch Muscles Early Development of Pharyngeal Arch Muscles. 225 Later Development of Pharyngeal Arch Muscles. 226 Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages. 227 Ossi
cation of the Skull . 228 Premature Suture Closure. 230 Cervical Ossi
cation. 231 Torticollis . 232 Cervical Plexus. 233 Orbit. 234 Ear Development . 235 Adult Ear Organization. 236 Summary of Ear Development . 237 Cranial Nerve Primordia. 238 Cranial Nerve Neuron Components. 239 Parasympathetic Innervation and Unique Nerves. 240 Development of the Face Development of the Face: 3 to 4 Weeks. 241 Development of the Face: 4 to 6 Weeks. 242 Development of the Face: 6 to 10 Weeks. 243 Palate Formation Palate Formation. 244 Interior View of Palate Formation; Roof of Oral Cavity. 245 Congenital Anomalies of the Oral Cavity. 246 Floor of the Oral Cavity . 247 Developmental Coronal Sections . 248 Tooth Structure and Development . 249 Dental Eruption. 250 Terminology. 251