The book also reflects on more recent global developments. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the extent to which the world had come to rely on China for manufactured goods. Disruptions to Chinese supply chains revealed critical vulnerabilities in global production systems.
In pursuing globalisation and opening access to emerging markets, the United States and other Western countries allowed large segments of their industrial and service sectors to shift overseas. This contributed to China's rise as the central hub of global manufacturing and gradually reduced America's position of economic dominance.
Rapid advances in information technology and telecommunications further accelerated globalisation. These developments weakened the traditional sovereignty of nation-states, reshaped democratic systems into more corporate-driven structures, and empowered transnational corporations that now influence economic and political outcomes on a global scale.
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