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Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a medical disorder defined as a persistent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient and hostile behavior toward influential figures that continues for at least 6 months and is not due to a mood or psychotic disorder.
Oppositional defiant disorder is a pattern of disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority figures.
Possible risk factors for ODD are:
1. Temperament: a child who has a temperament that has problem controlling emotions, such as being highly emotionally reactive to circumstances or having difficulty accepting
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Produktbeschreibung
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a medical disorder defined as a persistent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient and hostile behavior toward influential figures that continues for at least 6 months and is not due to a mood or psychotic disorder.
Oppositional defiant disorder is a pattern of disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority figures.
Possible risk factors for ODD are:
1. Temperament: a child who has a temperament that has problem controlling emotions, such as being highly emotionally reactive to circumstances or having difficulty accepting frustration
2. Parenting issues: child who has abuse or neglect, harsh or inconsistent discipline, or a lack of parental control
3. Other family issues: a child who lives with parent or family conflict or has a parent with a mental health or substance use disorder
Causative factors may be due to:
1. Genetics: a child's normal character or temperament and possibly neurobiological distinguishing in the way nerves and the brain function
2. Environment: disorders with parenting that may have a lack of supervision, inconsistent or harsh discipline, or abuse or neglect
DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis of ODD are both emotional and behavioral symptoms.
1. Angry and irritable mood:
a. Often losing temper
b. Often sensitive or easily annoyed by others
c. Often irate and resentful
2. Argumentative and defiant behavior:
a. Often disagrees with adults or people in authority
b. Often aggressively defies or refuses to comply with adults' requests or rules
c. Often intentionally annoys people
d. Often censures others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior
3. Vindictiveness:
a. Often spiteful or vindictive
b. At least twice in the past six months
ODD can differ in severity:
1. Mild. Symptoms happen only in one setting, such as only at home, school, work or with peers.
2. Moderate. Some symptoms happen in at least two settings.
3. Severe. Some symptoms happen in three or more settings.
For some children, symptoms may first be observed only at home, but with time widen to other settings, such as school and with friends.
Treating oppositional defiant disorder normally requires several forms of psychotherapy and training for the child as well as for parents.
Treatment often persists several months or longer.
Medicines alone normally are not used for ODD unless another disorder co-occurs.
If the child has concurrent disorders, principally ADHD, medicines may help considerably improve symptoms.
The foundations of treatment for ODD normally are:
1. Parent training.
2. Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT).
3. Individual and family therapy.
4. Cognitive disorder-solving training.
5. Social skills training
As part of parent training, the parent may study how to control the child's behavior by:
1. Giving clear instructions and following through with suitable results when needed
2. Identifying and praising the child's good behaviors and positive features to produce desired behaviors
Learning more efficacious parenting skills is important for the child to improve.
When parents are not able or not willing to alter, because of their own emotional or other issues, treatment may not be possible.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 ADHD
Chapter 8 Learning Difficulty
Epilogue

Any parent who has teenagers will recall how rebellious and defiant they are at that age group.
A child with Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is very different in behavior.
They are angry and defiant like all teenagers, but also argumentative, irritable at the tiniest provocation and worse still very vindictive and spiteful to friends, teac...


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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...