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  • Format: ePub

Oral cancer is cancer that affects any part of the mouth, including the tongue and lips.
The most frequent symptoms are having a sore or ulcer for more than three weeks.
Mouth cancer can begin anywhere in the oral cavity:
1. Lips
2. Inside lining of the cheeks and lips (buccal mucosa)
3. Front 2/3 of the tongue
4. Gums (gingiva)
5. Floor of the mouth
6. Roof of the mouth (hard palate)
7. Area behind the wisdom teeth (retro-molar trigone)
The mouth and oro-pharynx help a person breathe, talk, eat, chew and swallow.
Cancer beginning in this area is called
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Produktbeschreibung
Oral cancer is cancer that affects any part of the mouth, including the tongue and lips.
The most frequent symptoms are having a sore or ulcer for more than three weeks.
Mouth cancer can begin anywhere in the oral cavity:
1. Lips
2. Inside lining of the cheeks and lips (buccal mucosa)
3. Front 2/3 of the tongue
4. Gums (gingiva)
5. Floor of the mouth
6. Roof of the mouth (hard palate)
7. Area behind the wisdom teeth (retro-molar trigone)
The mouth and oro-pharynx help a person breathe, talk, eat, chew and swallow.
Cancer beginning in this area is called oro-phayngeal cancer.
The oro-pharynx is the:
1. Back 1/3 of the tongue
2. Soft area at the back of the roof of the mouth (soft palate)
3. Tonsils and 2 ridges of tissue in front of and behind the tonsils (tonsillar pillars)
4. Back wall of the throat
Cancers starting in the mouth and oro-pharynx can extend to the lymph nodes in the neck because they are close by.
Some people with mouth or oro-pharyngeal cancer often have a surgery to eradicate lymph nodes from the same side of the neck as the cancer.
Occasionally the surgeon might remove them on both sides.
Most oral cancers are a form called squamous cell carcinoma.
These cancers are likely to spread quickly.
1.Smoking and other tobacco usage are linked to most patients of oral cancer.
2.Heavy alcohol use also raises the risk for oral cancer.
3.Chewing betel nut (gutkha) is well-known to cause mouth and oro-pharyngeal cancer.
4. A poor diet may raise the danger of some forms of mouth and oro-pharyngeal cancer.
5.Human papilloma virus is a sexually transmitted disorder.
Only a very small percentage of people with HPV form mouth or oro-pharyngeal cancer.
The danger of HPV infection in the mouth and throat is linked to some sexual behaviors, such as oral sex and having a greater number of sexual partners.
6.Chronic infection from ill fitting dentures
7.Weak immune system
8.Abnormal patches in the mouth
a. The red patches are called erythroplakia.
b. White patches are called leukoplakia
Symptoms
1.Mouth ulcers that do not heal
2.Pain in the mouth
3.White or red patches in the mouth
4.Difficulty in swallowing
5.Speech disorders
6.A lump in the neck
Diagnosis
Tests used to confirm oral cancer are:
1. Gum biopsy
2. Tongue biopsy
3. X-rays and CT, MRI and PET scans
Treatment:
Many patients are diagnosed at an early stage because early mouth cancers are more easily noticed.
There is a good likelihood of a cure if it is treated in the early stages.
Surgery to remove the tumor is normally advised if the tumor is small enough.
Surgery may be combined together with radiation therapy and chemotherapy for larger tumors.
Dependent on the form of treatment the patient needs, support treatments that may be required are:
1. Speech therapy
a. Therapy to help with chewing, swallowing
b. Learning to eat enough protein and calories to keep the weight up
c. Ask the doctor about liquid food supplements that can help
Biological therapy is treatment that stop or slow the growth of cancer or destroy cancer cells.
Reconstruction is important in mouth surgery in order to ensure a functional and cosmetic outcome
Even after completing treatment of mouth cancer , patients have to undergo months of rehabilitation to recover speech and swallowing problems following the surgery or treatment.
Speech and swallowing therapy and proper diet with a dietician are important.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Oral Cancer
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Salivary Gland Cancer
Chapter 8 Tongue Cancer
Epilogue


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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...