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A longtime bestseller, Politics and Change in the Middle East employs a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensively and evenhandedly study the region's past, present, and future. Through politics, economics, culture, and history, this text offers a rugged analytical framework that familiarizes students with the Middle East and helps them to critically evaluate contemporary developments. Thematically organized, Politics and Change in the Middle East introduces students to the primary actors and issues that define the region and its role in world politics.
A longtime bestseller, Politics and Change in the Middle East employs a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensively and evenhandedly study the region's past, present, and future. Through politics, economics, culture, and history, this text offers a rugged analytical framework that familiarizes students with the Middle East and helps them to critically evaluate contemporary developments. Thematically organized, Politics and Change in the Middle East introduces students to the primary actors and issues that define the region and its role in world politics.
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Autorenporträt
Roy R. Anderson
Inhaltsangabe
Detailed Contents Introduction Chapter 1 Traditional Cultures of the Middle East: The of Civilization and Politics Chapter 2 The Foundations of Islam Chapter 3 The Political Legacy of Islam, 632 1800 C.E. Chapter 4 Western Imperialism, 1800 1914 C.E. Chapter 5 The Rise of the State System, 1914 1950 Chapter 6 The Drive for Self Determination, 1950 1990 Chapter 7 Turning Points Chapter 8 The Politics of Religion, Culture, and Social Life Chapter 9 Political Elites Chapter 10 Political Leadership in the Contemporary East Chapter 11 The Economic Setting Chapter 12 International Relations in the Middle 1945 1990 Chapter 13 International Relations in the Middle 1945 1990: The Regional Actors Chapter 14 The Middle East and the Changing Order: 1991 2001 Chapter 15 Did 9 /11 Change Everything? Glossary Index. Preface BRIEF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Politics and Conflict Approaches to Social Change Chapter 1 TRADITIONAL CULTURES OF THE MIDDLE THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION AND POLITICS Foundations of Social Diversity Ecological Diversity Nomads Peasants and Urbanites Ethnic and Religious Diversity Descent, Occupation, and Social Stratification The Patchwork of Pluralism: Two Historical Examples Unity in Diversity Family, Kinship, and Marriage Religion Chapter 2 THE FOUNDATIONS OF ISLAM Central Beliefs of Islam The Five Pillars of Islam The Koran and the Hadith The Ulema Pre Islamic Arab Ethics The Social Setting of Mecca The Confessional Religions Muhammad's Ministry The Hijira The Koran's Social Regulations The Spread of Islam Jihad and the Djimmi System Five Popular Misconceptions about Islam Islam as an Exotic Religion Islam as a Militant Religion Islam as an Intolerant Religion Islam as an Ultraconservative Religion Islam as a Sexist Religion Conclusion Chapter 3 THE POLITICAL LEGACY OF 632 1800 C.E. The Establishment of the Islamic State The Golden Age of the Caliphate Mongol Destruction and the Rebirth of the Empire The Ottoman Empire Growth and Decline in the Islamic State Legitimacy in Government The Political Role of the Ulema The Sharia Law The Shia Sufism Islam and Radical Politics The Kharijites Ismailis and Qarmatians The Mahdi Twelver Shiism The Muwahhidun Movement Diversity in Islamic Political Thought Chapter 4 WESTERN IMPERIALISM, 1800 1914 C.E. Setting the Stage The Ottomans Tanzimat Period (1839 1876) Egypt The Levant The Arabian Peninsula Iran Qajar Dynasty Conclusion Chapter 5 THE RISE OF THE STATE SYSTEM, 1914 1950 The McMahon Husein Correspondence The Balfour Declaration World Zionist Organization The Mandates Syria and Lebanon Iraq and Transjordan Egypt Wafd Party and Muslim Brotherhood Egypt after World War II Saudi Arabia Turkey and Iran Turkey Iran From Palestine to Israel Conclusion Chapter 6 THE DRIVE FOR 1950 1990 Arab Nationalism Suez Canal Crisis and the Israeli War (1956) Syria The United Arab Republic Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq Iran, the Gulf States, and Petroleum Iranian Revolution Iranian Revolutionary Government Iraq Iran War: 1980 1988 Saudi Arabia's Political Stability Yemen Gulf Cooperation Council Israel Political Setting Social Setting Israel and the Border States The 1956 Arab Israeli War The 1967 Arab Israeli War The 1973 Arab Israeli War The 1982 Invasion of Lebanon The Palestinians and the 1988 Uprising The First Intifadah Conclusion Chapter 7 TURNING POINTS Circa 1990 Circa 2000 Circa 2010 Globalization Arab Nationalism International Organizations Economic Liberalization Political Islam Occupation of Iraq Political Legitimacy in the Gulf From Oslo to Jerusalem to Gaza Conclusion Chapter 8 THE POLITICS OF RELIGION, AND SOCIAL LIFE The Politics of Culture Politics of Culture in Islamic History Colonialism and Cultural Politics The Contemporary Politics of Islam Turkey: Radical Westernization and the Durability of Islam Egypt: The Labyrinth of Possibilities Saudi Arabia Iran and the Islamic Republic The Islamic Republic Sexual Politics Sexual Equality in Islam: The Modernist Interpretation Sexual Inequality in Islamic Tradition Struggle for Reform Women in the Islamic Revival Conclusion Chapter 9 POLITICAL ELITES Traditional, Transitional, and Technically Modernizing Elites Traditional Elites Transitional Elites IRAN SAUDI ARABIA KUWAIT BAHRAIN LIBYA JORDAN GULF EMIRATES Modern Elites TURKEY EGYPT SYRIA IRAQ LEBANON ISRAEL Conclusion Chapter 10 POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE MIDDLE EAST Traditional Leadership King Farouk of Egypt Charismatic Leadership Gamal Abdel Nasser Modern Bureaucratic Leadership Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak Consequences of Leadership Styles Traditional States Modern Bureaucratic States Charismatic Rule Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Colonel Muammar Qadaffi Conclusion Chapter 11 THE ECONOMIC SETTING Economic Record Organization of Economic Activity Islamic Economics Economic Liberalization TURKEY IRAN Liberalization and Globalization Land Distribution Policies Turkey Egypt Syria Libya, Iraq, and Iran Agricultural Policies Water Population Migration Urbanization Employment Industry Petroleum Early Years World War II to 1970 OPEC Revolution Conclusion Chapter 12 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE MIDDLE 1945 1990 The Great Power System and The Middle East U.S. Foreign Policy Phase I Phase II INTERVENTIONS IN IRAN SUEZ WAR LEBANON CRISIS OF 1958 Phase III Soviet Foreign Policy Britain and France China and Japan Conclusion Chapter 13 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE MIDDLE 1945 1990: THE REGIONAL ACTORS Palestinian International Action OPEC and Islam Nuclear Arms and Regional Politics Foreign Policies of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Israel Egyptian Foreign Policy EGYPTIAN FOREIGN POLICY UNDER SADAT AND MUBARAK Saudi Arabian Foreign Policy Iranian Foreign Policy FOREIGN POLICY OF THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION Israeli Foreign Policy Conclusion Chapter 14 THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER: 1991 2001 Dimensions of the Emerging International Order The Middle East in the Emerging International Order Iraq Kuwait Crisis Multinational Actors in the Conflict Desert Storm The Middle East at the End of Desert Storm Desert Storm as Indicator of New Realities The Arabs and the Israelis From Jerusalem to Oslo Superpowers and Great Powers Middle Eastern States Egypt Saudi Arabia Other Gulf States Syria Lebanon Iran Turkey Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia Libya Israel Conclusion The View from 2000 Chapter 15 DID 9 /11 CHANGE EVERYTHING? The Reemergence of Iraq Two Coalitions The Middle East Quartet Regional Actors World Public Opinion War Perceptions A New Decade Elections in Israel Elections in Iran Elections in Iraq Regional Politics Turkey Saudi Arabia GCC Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq A Clash of Civilizations? Conclusion Glossary Index
Detailed Contents Introduction Chapter 1 Traditional Cultures of the Middle East: The of Civilization and Politics Chapter 2 The Foundations of Islam Chapter 3 The Political Legacy of Islam, 632 1800 C.E. Chapter 4 Western Imperialism, 1800 1914 C.E. Chapter 5 The Rise of the State System, 1914 1950 Chapter 6 The Drive for Self Determination, 1950 1990 Chapter 7 Turning Points Chapter 8 The Politics of Religion, Culture, and Social Life Chapter 9 Political Elites Chapter 10 Political Leadership in the Contemporary East Chapter 11 The Economic Setting Chapter 12 International Relations in the Middle 1945 1990 Chapter 13 International Relations in the Middle 1945 1990: The Regional Actors Chapter 14 The Middle East and the Changing Order: 1991 2001 Chapter 15 Did 9 /11 Change Everything? Glossary Index. Preface BRIEF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Politics and Conflict Approaches to Social Change Chapter 1 TRADITIONAL CULTURES OF THE MIDDLE THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION AND POLITICS Foundations of Social Diversity Ecological Diversity Nomads Peasants and Urbanites Ethnic and Religious Diversity Descent, Occupation, and Social Stratification The Patchwork of Pluralism: Two Historical Examples Unity in Diversity Family, Kinship, and Marriage Religion Chapter 2 THE FOUNDATIONS OF ISLAM Central Beliefs of Islam The Five Pillars of Islam The Koran and the Hadith The Ulema Pre Islamic Arab Ethics The Social Setting of Mecca The Confessional Religions Muhammad's Ministry The Hijira The Koran's Social Regulations The Spread of Islam Jihad and the Djimmi System Five Popular Misconceptions about Islam Islam as an Exotic Religion Islam as a Militant Religion Islam as an Intolerant Religion Islam as an Ultraconservative Religion Islam as a Sexist Religion Conclusion Chapter 3 THE POLITICAL LEGACY OF 632 1800 C.E. The Establishment of the Islamic State The Golden Age of the Caliphate Mongol Destruction and the Rebirth of the Empire The Ottoman Empire Growth and Decline in the Islamic State Legitimacy in Government The Political Role of the Ulema The Sharia Law The Shia Sufism Islam and Radical Politics The Kharijites Ismailis and Qarmatians The Mahdi Twelver Shiism The Muwahhidun Movement Diversity in Islamic Political Thought Chapter 4 WESTERN IMPERIALISM, 1800 1914 C.E. Setting the Stage The Ottomans Tanzimat Period (1839 1876) Egypt The Levant The Arabian Peninsula Iran Qajar Dynasty Conclusion Chapter 5 THE RISE OF THE STATE SYSTEM, 1914 1950 The McMahon Husein Correspondence The Balfour Declaration World Zionist Organization The Mandates Syria and Lebanon Iraq and Transjordan Egypt Wafd Party and Muslim Brotherhood Egypt after World War II Saudi Arabia Turkey and Iran Turkey Iran From Palestine to Israel Conclusion Chapter 6 THE DRIVE FOR 1950 1990 Arab Nationalism Suez Canal Crisis and the Israeli War (1956) Syria The United Arab Republic Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq Iran, the Gulf States, and Petroleum Iranian Revolution Iranian Revolutionary Government Iraq Iran War: 1980 1988 Saudi Arabia's Political Stability Yemen Gulf Cooperation Council Israel Political Setting Social Setting Israel and the Border States The 1956 Arab Israeli War The 1967 Arab Israeli War The 1973 Arab Israeli War The 1982 Invasion of Lebanon The Palestinians and the 1988 Uprising The First Intifadah Conclusion Chapter 7 TURNING POINTS Circa 1990 Circa 2000 Circa 2010 Globalization Arab Nationalism International Organizations Economic Liberalization Political Islam Occupation of Iraq Political Legitimacy in the Gulf From Oslo to Jerusalem to Gaza Conclusion Chapter 8 THE POLITICS OF RELIGION, AND SOCIAL LIFE The Politics of Culture Politics of Culture in Islamic History Colonialism and Cultural Politics The Contemporary Politics of Islam Turkey: Radical Westernization and the Durability of Islam Egypt: The Labyrinth of Possibilities Saudi Arabia Iran and the Islamic Republic The Islamic Republic Sexual Politics Sexual Equality in Islam: The Modernist Interpretation Sexual Inequality in Islamic Tradition Struggle for Reform Women in the Islamic Revival Conclusion Chapter 9 POLITICAL ELITES Traditional, Transitional, and Technically Modernizing Elites Traditional Elites Transitional Elites IRAN SAUDI ARABIA KUWAIT BAHRAIN LIBYA JORDAN GULF EMIRATES Modern Elites TURKEY EGYPT SYRIA IRAQ LEBANON ISRAEL Conclusion Chapter 10 POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE MIDDLE EAST Traditional Leadership King Farouk of Egypt Charismatic Leadership Gamal Abdel Nasser Modern Bureaucratic Leadership Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak Consequences of Leadership Styles Traditional States Modern Bureaucratic States Charismatic Rule Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Colonel Muammar Qadaffi Conclusion Chapter 11 THE ECONOMIC SETTING Economic Record Organization of Economic Activity Islamic Economics Economic Liberalization TURKEY IRAN Liberalization and Globalization Land Distribution Policies Turkey Egypt Syria Libya, Iraq, and Iran Agricultural Policies Water Population Migration Urbanization Employment Industry Petroleum Early Years World War II to 1970 OPEC Revolution Conclusion Chapter 12 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE MIDDLE 1945 1990 The Great Power System and The Middle East U.S. Foreign Policy Phase I Phase II INTERVENTIONS IN IRAN SUEZ WAR LEBANON CRISIS OF 1958 Phase III Soviet Foreign Policy Britain and France China and Japan Conclusion Chapter 13 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE MIDDLE 1945 1990: THE REGIONAL ACTORS Palestinian International Action OPEC and Islam Nuclear Arms and Regional Politics Foreign Policies of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Israel Egyptian Foreign Policy EGYPTIAN FOREIGN POLICY UNDER SADAT AND MUBARAK Saudi Arabian Foreign Policy Iranian Foreign Policy FOREIGN POLICY OF THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION Israeli Foreign Policy Conclusion Chapter 14 THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER: 1991 2001 Dimensions of the Emerging International Order The Middle East in the Emerging International Order Iraq Kuwait Crisis Multinational Actors in the Conflict Desert Storm The Middle East at the End of Desert Storm Desert Storm as Indicator of New Realities The Arabs and the Israelis From Jerusalem to Oslo Superpowers and Great Powers Middle Eastern States Egypt Saudi Arabia Other Gulf States Syria Lebanon Iran Turkey Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia Libya Israel Conclusion The View from 2000 Chapter 15 DID 9 /11 CHANGE EVERYTHING? The Reemergence of Iraq Two Coalitions The Middle East Quartet Regional Actors World Public Opinion War Perceptions A New Decade Elections in Israel Elections in Iran Elections in Iraq Regional Politics Turkey Saudi Arabia GCC Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq A Clash of Civilizations? Conclusion Glossary Index
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