Kenneth Kee

Polyarteritis Nodosa, (Updated) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

This book describes Polyarteritis Nodosa (updated), Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases Polyarteritis nodosa is a serious blood vessel disease in which small and medium-sized arteries become inflamed and damaged. PAN was separated into 2 sub-types according to the size of vessel involved in adults: 1.Classical PAN - medium-sized vessels 2.Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) - small vessels A less severe form called cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN) has also been reported Causes Polyarteritis nodosa is a disorder that involves arteries, the blood vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood to organs and tissues. The cause is not known but it happens when certain immune cells attack the involved arteries. More adults than children obtain this disease. The tissues that are supplied by the involved arteries do not get the oxygen and nourishment they require, and become injured. People with active hepatitis B and C may have this disorder. Symptoms Symptoms and signs are due to the inflammation and ischemia of the involved organs. Any organ may be involved with the exception of the lungs. Symptoms are produced by injury to involved organs, often the skin, heart, kidneys and nervous system. 1.Abdominal pain 2.Decreased appetite 3.Fatigue 4.Fever 5.Joint aches 6.Muscle aches 7.Unintentional weight loss 8.Weakness 9.Peripheral neuropathy 10.Damage to the nervous system may produce strokes or seizures. 11.Renal involvement may be in the glomeruli or renal vasculature Diagnosis: 1.Histological evidence of vasculitis 2.Positive serology for ANCA 3.Specific investigations strongly indicative of vasculitis and granuloma-E.g. angiography or skin biopsy 4. Eosinophilia (≥10%) Investigations 1.Hepatitis B surface antigen is positive in 30%. 2.The p-ANCA test is normally positive, but not pathognomonic. 3.ESR is increased or C-reactive protein (CRP). 4.FBC reveals leukocytosis with raised neutrophils. 5.Hypergammaglobulinemia happens in 30%. 6.Arteriography reveals microaneurysms in the small-sized and medium-sized arteries of the kidneys and abdominal viscera 7.Tissue biopsy Complications Without treatment, hypertension-induced glomerulonephritis is a source of great morbidity and mortality. Treatment If there is no presence of hepatitis and the symptoms are fairly mild, the doctor normally will start the treatment with a steroid drug, such as prednisone, a powerful medicine that suppresses the immune system and decreases inflammation. If there is more severe symptoms affecting the heart, nerves or kidneys, if the patient does not improve with initial treatment or if the patient has relapses after initial treatment, prednisone may be combined with an adjunct immunosuppressant medication such as: 1.Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 2.Azathioprine (Imuran), 3.Methotrexate (Rheumatrex), 4.Mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept) or 5.Rituximab (Rituxan). Full treatment normally requires at least one year. If polyarteritis nodosa is linked to hepatitis B or hepatitis C, the patient may be treated with antiviral medicines alone to fight the liver infection. Antiviral treatment may be added to prednisone to control arterial inflammation Occasionally, this is accompanied by plasmapheresis Plasmapheresis is a procedure in which plasma is separated from the blood, cleaned of abnormal antibodies and then returned to the blood. Updated treatment: 1.Case reports have good response to treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, such as infliximab and etanercept. 2.The interleukin-6 antagonist tocilizumab has been given successfully in refractory cases. 3.Effective use of the anti-CD20 agent rituximab in an adult with refractory PAN has been done TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction Chapter 1 Polyarteritis Nodosa...

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Kenneth Kee
• Erscheinungstermin: 26. März 2019
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780463695524
• Artikelnr.: 56141533

Autorenporträt

Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...