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QUANTUM COMPUTING A helpful introduction to all aspects of quantum computing Quantum computing is a field combining quantum mechanics--the physical science of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles--and information science. Where ordinary computing uses bits, logical values whose position can either be 0 or 1, quantum computing is built around qubits, a fundamental unit of quantum information which can exist in a superposition of both states. As quantum computers are able to complete certain kinds of functions more accurately and efficiently than computers built on classical…mehr
QUANTUM COMPUTING A helpful introduction to all aspects of quantum computing Quantum computing is a field combining quantum mechanics--the physical science of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles--and information science. Where ordinary computing uses bits, logical values whose position can either be 0 or 1, quantum computing is built around qubits, a fundamental unit of quantum information which can exist in a superposition of both states. As quantum computers are able to complete certain kinds of functions more accurately and efficiently than computers built on classical binary logic, quantum computing is an emerging frontier which promises to revolutionize information science and its applications. This book provides a concise, accessible introduction to quantum computing. It begins by introducing the essentials of quantum mechanics that information and computer scientists require, before moving to detailed discussions of quantum computing in theory and practice. As quantum computing becomes an ever-greater part of the global information technology landscape, the knowledge in Quantum Computing will position readers to join a vital and highly marketable field of research and development. The book's readers will also find: * Detailed diagrams and illustrations throughout * A broadly applicable quantum algorithm that improves on the best-known classical algorithms for a wide range of problems * In-depth discussion of essential topics including key distribution, cluster state quantum computing, superconducting qubits, and more Quantum Computing is perfect for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in computer science, engineering, mathematics, or the physical sciences, as well as for researchers and academics at the intersection of these fields who want a concise reference.
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Autorenporträt
Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, PhD, is Professor in the School of Computing Science and Engineering at Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India. He is co-editor of the Wiley-Scrivener title Swarm Intelligence: An Approach from Natural to Artificial.
Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science at Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India. He is co-editor of the Wiley-Scrivener title Swarm Intelligence: An Approach from Natural to Artificial.
Anupam Baliyan, PhD, is Additional Director with the University Institute of Engineering at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India.
Shalli Rani, PhD, is Professor at Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India. She is co-editor of the Wiley title IoT-enabled Smart Healthcare Systems, Services and Applications.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xiii
Author Biography xv
1 Introduction of Quantum Computing 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 What Is the Exact Meaning of Quantum Computing? 2
1.2.1 What Is Quantum Computing in Simple Terms? 2
1.3 Origin of Quantum Computing 3
1.4 History of Quantum Computing 5
1.5 Quantum Communication 19
1.6 Build Quantum Computer Structure 19
1.7 Principle Working of Quantum Computers 21
1.7.1 Kinds of Quantum Computing 21
1.8 Quantum Computing Use in Industry 23
1.9 Investors Invest Money in Quantum Technology 24
1.10 Applications of Quantum Computing 26
1.11 Quantum Computing as a Solution Technology 29
1.11.1 Quantum Artificial Intelligence 29
1.11.2 How Close Are We to Quantum Supremacy? 30
1.12 Conclusion 30
References 31
2 Pros and Cons of Quantum Computing 33
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Quantum as a Numerical Process 33
2.3 Quantum Complexity 34
2.4 The Pros and Cons of the Quantum Computational Framework 36
2.5 Further Benefits of Quantum Computing 37
2.6 Further Drawbacks to Quantum Computing 38
2.7 Integrating Quantum and Classical Techniques 38
2.8 Framework of QRAM 39
2.9 Computing Algorithms in the Quantum World 40
2.9.1 Programming Quantum Processes 42
2.10 Modification of Quantum Building Blocks 42
References 43
3 Methods and Instrumentation for Quantum Computing 45
3.1 Basic Information of Quantum Computing 45
3.2 Signal Information in Quantum Computing 47
3.3 Quantum Data Entropy 47
3.4 Basics of Probability in Quantum Computing 50
3.5 Quantum Theorem of No-Cloning 52
3.6 Measuring Distance 53
3.7 Fidelity in Quantum Theory 58
3.8 Quantum Entanglement 62
3.9 Information Content and Entropy 66
References 71
4 Foundations of Quantum Computing 73
4.1 Single-Qubit 73
4.1.1 Photon Polarization in Quantum Computing 73
4.2 Multi-qubit 76
4.2.1 Blocks of Quantum States 76
4.2.2 Submission of Vector Space in Quantum Computing 77
4.2.3 Vector Spacing in Quantum Blocks 77
4.2.4 States of n-Qubit Technology 79
4.2.5 States of Entangled 81
4.2.6 Classical Measuring of Multi-Qubit 84
4.3 Measuring of Multi-Qubit 87
4.3.1 Mathematical Functions in Quantum Operations 87
Example 88
4.3.2 Operator Measuring Qubits Projection 89
4.3.3 The Measurement Postulate 94
4.3.4 EPR Paradox and Bell's Theorem 99
4.3.5 Layout of Bell's Theorem 101
4.3.6 Statistical Predicates of Quantum Mechanics 101
4.3.7 Predictions of Bell's Theorem 102
4.3.8 Bell's Inequality 103
4.4 States of Quantum Metamorphosis 105
4.4.1 Solitary Steps Metamorphosis 106
4.4.2 Irrational Metamorphosis: The No-Cloning Principle 107
4.4.3 The Pauli Transformations 109
4.4.4 The Hadamard Metamorphosis 109
4.4.5 Multi-Qubit Metamorphosis from Single-Qubit 109
4.4.6 The Controlled-NOT and Other Singly Controlled Gates 110
4.4.7 Opaque Coding 113
4.4.8 Basic Bits in Opaque Coding 114
4.4.9 Quantum Message Teleportation 114
4.4.10 Designing and Constructing Quantum Circuits 116
4.4.11 Single Qubit Manipulating Quantum State 116
