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Race and Racism examines the foundations of race in American society from an anthropological perspective. The book offers and accessible overview of a variety of perspectives and theories on the biology of race, the social context of race, ethnicity and ethnocentrism, and more. The second edition features significant updates throughout, including more discussion of critical race theory, new biophysical research on human origins, new material on media and racism, new global examples, and additional material on how racism impacts a variety of ethnic groups.
Race and Racism examines the foundations of race in American society from an anthropological perspective. The book offers and accessible overview of a variety of perspectives and theories on the biology of race, the social context of race, ethnicity and ethnocentrism, and more. The second edition features significant updates throughout, including more discussion of critical race theory, new biophysical research on human origins, new material on media and racism, new global examples, and additional material on how racism impacts a variety of ethnic groups.
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Autorenporträt
Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban is professor emerita of anthropology, Rhode Island College; adjunct professor, Doctoral Program in Education, University of Rhode Island/Rhode Island College; and adjunct professor of African Studies, U.S. Naval War College. In her long career, she has written and edited numerous books and articles, particularly on ethics in Anthropology, Islamic societies, and Sudan.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface About the Author 1. Anthropology, Race, and Racism What Is Anthropology? What Is Race? What Is Racism? How Is Race Different from Ethnicity, Religion, Language, and Other Differences? Why Is There So Much Confusion? There Is No Science of Race, but Race Is Sociologically Real Race and Ethnicity Distinguished Barack Obama and Donald Trump: Racial Inclusion and Exclusion Breaking the Ice: Class Exercise to Initiate a Dialogue on Race Class Exercises References 2. Race, Human Evolution, and Natural Selection Human Evolution, the Story of African Genesis, "Out of Africa" New Finds for Early Humans in Africa Asian Progenitors European Early Humans Early Humans in the Americas Migration of Humans Out of Africa Origins of Human Racial Difference: Modern Humans- Homo sapiens Race and Science Models of the Origin of Races Human Variation- "Race"- as the Rich History of Homo sapiens sapiens Mechanisms for Biological Change in Humans Mutation Natural Selection Genetic Drift Gene Flow/ Migration Mating in Homogenous Populations, Inbreeding Effects Random, Nonrandom Mating Founders' Effect Racial Difference and Natural Selection "Race" Mixture and Skin Color Albinos: The Only People with No Melanin, Found in All Races Hair Form and Eye Color Body Type The Epicanthic Fold, "Asian" Eyes Blood and Race Sickle Cell Anemia, Malaria, and Human Evolution Lactose Intolerance and PTC Tasting Human History through Blood Types: DNA Mapping of the Human Genome The Human Genome Project DNA: Helping African Americans Trace Their Roots Curiosity about Racial Differences Study Questions References 3. Making a Science of Racial Inequality Race and the Origins of Anthropology One or Many Species of Humanity: Monogenism versus Polygenism Race and Nineteenth- Century Evolution: Savagery, Barbarism, Civilization Progressing from Dark to Light Races- from "Black" and "Red" Savages, to "Yellow" and "Tan" Barbarians, to "White" Civilized Races The Three Great Races: Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid The Negro/ African/ Ethiopian Race: Constructing a "Science" of Black Inferiority The American Anthropological Association's Recommendations for the 2000 and 2010 U.S. Censuses Summary Questions for Discussion and Further Reflection References 4. Racism and Anti- Racism from the Nineteenth to the Twenty- First Centuries Contrasting Ideas: The Inequality versus the Equality of Races Aryan Supremacy The Social Darwinist and Eugenics Movements and Their Critics Franz Boas and the Mainstreaming of Anti-Racist Anthropology Lothrop Stoddard: Eugenicist, Immigration Opponent, Nazi Sympathizer Contrasting Postwar Anthropologists: Anti-Racist Ashley Montagu (1905- 1999) and Racialist and Racist Carlton Coon (1942- 1962) Discussion Questions References 5. Race, Intelligence, and Mental Testing So- Called Race and So- Called Intelligence Anthropometry, Craniometry Amounting to "Skeletomania" Skin Color and Intelligence Race and the Measurement of Intelligence The Future of Race and Intelligence- Achievement Testing Summary Discussion Questions References Notes 6. Whiteness, White Identity, and the Future of White Privilege in America The Social Construction of Whiteness Inventing White Privilege Confronting the History of White Racism and Its Intergenerational Consequences Praising the History of Black- White Unity The Important Role of White Women The Important Role of Working- Class White Men Cultural Dimensions of Whiteness Popular Culture: What White People Have Taken from Black People Hip- Hop Culture: How Young Whites and Blacks Find Common Ground The Future of Whiteness in the Twenty- First Century Whites Participating in and Advancing the Dialogue on Race Discussion Questions References Notes 7. International Perspectives on Race Relations Race and Racism in Selected European Nations Race in the New World Hybrid Societies: The Caribbean and Latin America Selected Cases Race in Africa: Selected Cases Egypt and the Two Sudans Race in the Middle East Race in Major Cultures of Asia Treatment of Indigenous Peoples around the World Global Efforts to Eradicate/ Ameliorate Racism Summary Discussion Questions References 8. Racial Reconstruction and Transformation in America Demographic and Social Transformation of the United States Race and the Obama Presidency Black Lives [Still] Do Not Matter The Reconfiguration of Race Race, Hollywood, and the Media, "Oscars so White" National Dialogue on Race Emphasizing "Truth and Reconciliation" The Black- White Binary and the Asian Model Minority Issues That Remain Unprocessed Challenging White Privilege: What Whites Have to Contribute to the Dialogue on Race Best Practices That Are Simple to Emulate: Rhode Island College Unity Players Final Remarks Discussion Questions References Index
Preface About the Author 1. Anthropology, Race, and Racism What Is Anthropology? What Is Race? What Is Racism? How Is Race Different from Ethnicity, Religion, Language, and Other Differences? Why Is There So Much Confusion? There Is No Science of Race, but Race Is Sociologically Real Race and Ethnicity Distinguished Barack Obama and Donald Trump: Racial Inclusion and Exclusion Breaking the Ice: Class Exercise to Initiate a Dialogue on Race Class Exercises References 2. Race, Human Evolution, and Natural Selection Human Evolution, the Story of African Genesis, "Out of Africa" New Finds for Early Humans in Africa Asian Progenitors European Early Humans Early Humans in the Americas Migration of Humans Out of Africa Origins of Human Racial Difference: Modern Humans- Homo sapiens Race and Science Models of the Origin of Races Human Variation- "Race"- as the Rich History of Homo sapiens sapiens Mechanisms for Biological Change in Humans Mutation Natural Selection Genetic Drift Gene Flow/ Migration Mating in Homogenous Populations, Inbreeding Effects Random, Nonrandom Mating Founders' Effect Racial Difference and Natural Selection "Race" Mixture and Skin Color Albinos: The Only People with No Melanin, Found in All Races Hair Form and Eye Color Body Type The Epicanthic Fold, "Asian" Eyes Blood and Race Sickle Cell Anemia, Malaria, and Human Evolution Lactose Intolerance and PTC Tasting Human History through Blood Types: DNA Mapping of the Human Genome The Human Genome Project DNA: Helping African Americans Trace Their Roots Curiosity about Racial Differences Study Questions References 3. Making a Science of Racial Inequality Race and the Origins of Anthropology One or Many Species of Humanity: Monogenism versus Polygenism Race and Nineteenth- Century Evolution: Savagery, Barbarism, Civilization Progressing from Dark to Light Races- from "Black" and "Red" Savages, to "Yellow" and "Tan" Barbarians, to "White" Civilized Races The Three Great Races: Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid The Negro/ African/ Ethiopian Race: Constructing a "Science" of Black Inferiority The American Anthropological Association's Recommendations for the 2000 and 2010 U.S. Censuses Summary Questions for Discussion and Further Reflection References 4. Racism and Anti- Racism from the Nineteenth to the Twenty- First Centuries Contrasting Ideas: The Inequality versus the Equality of Races Aryan Supremacy The Social Darwinist and Eugenics Movements and Their Critics Franz Boas and the Mainstreaming of Anti-Racist Anthropology Lothrop Stoddard: Eugenicist, Immigration Opponent, Nazi Sympathizer Contrasting Postwar Anthropologists: Anti-Racist Ashley Montagu (1905- 1999) and Racialist and Racist Carlton Coon (1942- 1962) Discussion Questions References 5. Race, Intelligence, and Mental Testing So- Called Race and So- Called Intelligence Anthropometry, Craniometry Amounting to "Skeletomania" Skin Color and Intelligence Race and the Measurement of Intelligence The Future of Race and Intelligence- Achievement Testing Summary Discussion Questions References Notes 6. Whiteness, White Identity, and the Future of White Privilege in America The Social Construction of Whiteness Inventing White Privilege Confronting the History of White Racism and Its Intergenerational Consequences Praising the History of Black- White Unity The Important Role of White Women The Important Role of Working- Class White Men Cultural Dimensions of Whiteness Popular Culture: What White People Have Taken from Black People Hip- Hop Culture: How Young Whites and Blacks Find Common Ground The Future of Whiteness in the Twenty- First Century Whites Participating in and Advancing the Dialogue on Race Discussion Questions References Notes 7. International Perspectives on Race Relations Race and Racism in Selected European Nations Race in the New World Hybrid Societies: The Caribbean and Latin America Selected Cases Race in Africa: Selected Cases Egypt and the Two Sudans Race in the Middle East Race in Major Cultures of Asia Treatment of Indigenous Peoples around the World Global Efforts to Eradicate/ Ameliorate Racism Summary Discussion Questions References 8. Racial Reconstruction and Transformation in America Demographic and Social Transformation of the United States Race and the Obama Presidency Black Lives [Still] Do Not Matter The Reconfiguration of Race Race, Hollywood, and the Media, "Oscars so White" National Dialogue on Race Emphasizing "Truth and Reconciliation" The Black- White Binary and the Asian Model Minority Issues That Remain Unprocessed Challenging White Privilege: What Whites Have to Contribute to the Dialogue on Race Best Practices That Are Simple to Emulate: Rhode Island College Unity Players Final Remarks Discussion Questions References Index
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