The authors assess the wide array of actions developed by individuals and communities to preserve their rights and identities, demonstrating how the Portuguese and Hispanic polities and their colonial possessions experienced resistance from below over a long period of change that marked the rise of more complex communities and institutional systems. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the variety of forms and expressions of resistance developed in different social, cultural, and territorial contexts, thus shedding additional light on the relationship between order and conflict within early modern European empires.
Chapter 3 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
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