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  • Format: ePub

Sjogren's syndrome is a medical disorder that most frequently produces dry eyes and mouth.
It is a form of autoimmune disease.
It can be Primary and Secondary if it occurs with other autoimmune diseases:
1. Rheumatoid arthritis
2. Systemic lupus erythematosus.
3. Scleroderma
There is lymphocytic invasion of exocrine glands, inducing the main symptoms of:
1. Xerophthalmia (dry eyes),
2. Xerostomia (dry mouth) and
3. Enlargement of the parotid glands
The causes are
1. Genetic:
There is a genetic predisposition for the disorder but the HLA link changes among
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Produktbeschreibung
Sjogren's syndrome is a medical disorder that most frequently produces dry eyes and mouth.

It is a form of autoimmune disease.

It can be Primary and Secondary if it occurs with other autoimmune diseases:

1. Rheumatoid arthritis
2. Systemic lupus erythematosus.
3. Scleroderma

There is lymphocytic invasion of exocrine glands, inducing the main symptoms of:
1. Xerophthalmia (dry eyes),
2. Xerostomia (dry mouth) and
3. Enlargement of the parotid glands

The causes are

1. Genetic:
There is a genetic predisposition for the disorder but the HLA link changes among ethnic groups.
2. Development of complications such as neuropathy and lymphoma may tend to be common in patients with vitamin D deficiency.

Nine out of ten people who have the disorder are women.
People normally first begin noticing symptoms when they are in their 30s or 40s.

Symptoms are:
1. Dry mouth
2. Dry Eyes
3. Dry mouth

Other symptoms may be:

1. Fatigue
2. Fever
3. Change in the color of hands or feet
4. Joint pain or joint swelling
5. Swollen glands

Autoimmune screening tests may then show a positive rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies

Dryness of the mucosa of the trachea and bronchi may manifest as a dry cough

The dryness of the pharynx and esophagus may cause difficulty in swallowing, and lack of saliva and secretions may predispose to gastro-esophageal reflux

There can be dry skin and vaginal dryness causing dyspareunia

Disease of the pancreas can lead to malabsorption and even acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis but a frequent cause of raised serum amylase is parotitis.

Fatigue is a common feature

About 20% have Raynaud's phenomenon.

The treatment is to relieve the symptoms as there is no cure.

1. Dry eyes may be treated with artificial tears, eye-lubricating ointments, or cyclosporine eye drop

2. Other medicines may be:

a. Steroids: these are tablets taken by mouth that assist to decrease inflammation.
They may be given if the symptoms are particularly bad.

b. Immunosuppressive agents: these are medicines that suppress the abnormal antibody production in Sjogren's syndrome
Medicines are methotrexate, penicillamine and hydroxychloroquine.

Sjogren's syndrome is not normally life-threatening.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Sjogren's Syndrome
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chapter 8 Dry Eyes
Epilogue


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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...