Anthony R. West

Solid State Chemistry and its Applications (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY AND ITS APPLICATIONS A comprehensive treatment of solid state chemistry complete with supplementary material and full colour illustrations from a leading expert in the field. Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, Second Edition delivers an advanced version of West's classic text in solid state chemistry, expanding on the undergraduate Student Edition to present a comprehensive treatment of solid state chemistry suitable for advanced students and researchers. The book provides the reader with an up-to-date account of essential topics in solid state chemistry and recent developments in this rapidly developing field of inorganic chemistry. Significant updates and new content in this second edition include: * A more extensive overview of important families of inorganic solids including spinels, perovskites, pyrochlores, garnets, Ruddlesden-Popper phases and many more * New methods to synthesise inorganic solids, including sol-gel methods, combustion synthesis, atomic layer deposition, spray pyrolysis and microwave techniques * Advances in electron microscopy, X-ray and electron spectroscopies * New developments in electrical properties of materials, including high Tc superconductivity, lithium batteries, solid oxide fuel cells and smart windows * Recent developments in optical properties, including fibre optics, solar cells and transparent conducting oxides * Advances in magnetic properties including magnetoresistance and multiferroic materials * Homogeneous and heterogeneous ceramics, characterization using impedance spectroscopy * Thermoelectric materials, MXenes, low dimensional structures, memristors and many other functional materials * Expanded coverage of glass, including metallic and fluoride glasses, cement and concrete, geopolymers, refractories and structural ceramics * Overview of binary oxides of all the elements, their structures, properties and applications Featuring full color illustrations throughout, readers will also benefit from online supplementary materials including access to CrystalMaker¯® software and over 100 interactive crystal structure models. Perfect for advanced students seeking a detailed treatment of solid state chemistry, this new edition of Solid State Chemistry and its Applications will also earn a place as a desk reference in the libraries of experienced researchers in chemistry, crystallography, physics, and materials science.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 893
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. April 2022
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118695616
• Artikelnr.: 63731103

Autorenporträt

ANTHONY R. WEST, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xxi

Companion Website xxiii

Biography xxv

Solid State Chemistry, an Overview of the Discipline: Chemistry -- Solid State Chemistry -- Materials Chemistry -- Materials Science and Engineering 1

1 Crystal Structures, Crystal Chemistry, Symmetry and Space Groups 7

2 Crystal Defects, Non-stoichiometry and Solid Solutions 119

3 Bonding in Solids 161

4 Synthesis, Processing and Fabrication Methods 221

5 Crystallography and Diffraction Techniques 265

6 Other Characterisation Techniques: Microscopy, Spectroscopy, Thermal Analysis 325

7 Phase Diagrams and Their Interpretation 381

8 Electrical Properties 469

9 Magnetic Properties 563

10 Optical Properties: Luminescence, Lasers and Transparent Conductors 589

11 Heterogeneous Materials, Electroceramics and Impedance Spectroscopy 619

12 Thermal and Thermoelectric Properties 647

13 Functional Materials: Some Important Examples 663

14 Glass 697

15 Structural Materials: Cement, Refractories and Structural Ceramics 743

16 Oxides of the Elements, Their Properties and Uses 771

Appendix A: Interplanar Spacings and Unit Cell Volumes 795

Appendix B: Model Building 797

Appendix C: Geometrical Considerations in Crystal Chemistry 801

Appendix D: The Elements and Some of Their Properties 805

Appendix E: The 32 Crystallographic Point Groups 811

Appendix F: The Arrhenius Equation for Ionic Conductivity 815

Appendix G: A Guide to the Use of Electrode Potentials 819

Further Reading 823

Questions 837

Index 851

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Preface xv
Chemistry - Solid State Chemistry -Materials Chemistry -Materials Science
and Engineering xvii
Companion Website xxi
CrystalViewer xxii
Biography xxiii
1 Crystal Structures and Crystal Chemistry 1
1.1 Unit Cells and Crystal Systems 1
1.2 Symmetry 3
1.3 Symmetry and Choice of Unit Cell 10
1.4 Lattice, Bravais Lattice 11
1.5 Lattice Planes and Miller Indices 14
1.6 Indices of Directions 16
1.7 d-Spacing Formulae 17
1.8 Crystal Densities and Unit Cell Contents 17
1.9 Description of Crystal Structures 18
1.10 Close Packed Structures - Cubic and Hexagonal Close Packing 19
1.11 Relationship Between Cubic Close Packed and Face Centred Cubic 21
1.12 Hexagonal Unit Cell and Close Packing 21
1.13 Density of Close Packed Structures 22
1.14 Unit Cell Projections and Atomic Coordinates 24
1.15 Materials That Can Be Described as Close Packed 25
1.16 Structures Built of Space-Filling Polyhedra 33
1.17 Some Important Structure Types 35
2 Crystal Defects, Non-Stoichiometry and Solid Solutions 83
2.1 Perfect and Imperfect Crystals 83
2.2 Types of Defect: Point Defects 84
2.3 Solid Solutions 95
2.4 Extended Defects 108
2.5 Dislocations and Mechanical Properties of Solids 111
3 Bonding in Solids 125
3.1 Overview: Ionic, Covalent, Metallic, van der Waals and Hydrogen Bonding
in Solids 125
3.2 Ionic Bonding 126
3.3 Covalent Bonding 161
3.4 Metallic Bonding and Band Theory 173
3.5 Bands or Bonds: a Final Comment 185
4 Synthesis, Processing and Fabrication Methods 187
4.1 General Observations 187
4.2 Solid State Reaction or Shake 'n Bake Methods 187
4.3 Low Temperature or Chimie Douce Methods 196
4.4 Gas-Phase Methods 213
4.5 High-Pressure Methods 225
4.6 Crystal Growth 226
5 Crystallography and Diffraction Techniques 229
5.1 General Comments: Molecular and Non-Molecular Solids 229
5.2 Characterisation of Solids 231
5.3 X-Ray Diffraction 232
5.4 Electron Diffraction 265
5.5 Neutron Diffraction 266
6 Other Techniques: Microscopy, Spectroscopy, Thermal Analysis 271
6.1 Diffraction and Microscopic Techniques: What Do They Have in Common?
271
6.2 Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques 272
6.3 Spectroscopic Techniques 291
6.4 Thermal Analysis (TA) 314
6.5 Strategy to Identify, Analyse and Characterise 'Unknown' Solids 323
7 Phase Diagrams and Their Interpretation 325
7.1 The Phase Rule, the Condensed Phase Rule and Some Definitions 325
7.2 One-Component Systems 330
7.3 Two-Component Condensed Systems 333
7.4 Some Tips and Guidelines for Constructing Binary Phase Diagrams 355
8 Electrical Properties 359
8.1 Survey of Electrical Properties and Electrical Materials 359
8.2 Metallic Conductivity 361
8.3 Superconductivity 366
8.4 Semiconductivity 382
8.5 Ionic Conductivity 392
8.6 Dielectric Materials 430
8.7 Ferroelectrics 436
8.8 Pyroelectrics 441
8.9 Piezoelectrics 441
8.10 Applications of Ferro-, Pyro- and Piezoelectrics 441
9 Magnetic Properties 445
9.1 Physical Properties 445
9.2 Magnetic Materials, Their Structures and Properties 455
9.3 Applications: Structure-Property Relations 464
9.4 Recent Developments 467
10 Optical Properties: Luminescence and Lasers 473
10.1 Visible Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum 473
10.2 Sources of Light, Thermal Sources, Black Body Radiation and Electronic
Transitions 473
10.3 Scattering Processes: Reflection, Diffraction and Interference 476
10.4 Luminescence and Phosphors 476
10.5 Configurational Coordinate Model 478
10.6 Some Phosphor Materials 480
10.7 Anti-Stokes Phosphors 481
10.8 Stimulated Emission, Amplification of Light and Lasers 482
10.9 Photodetectors 488
10.10 Fibre-Optics 490
10.11 Solar Cells 492
Further Reading 493
Appendix A: Interplanar Spacings and Unit Cell Volumes 505
Appendix B: Model Building 507
Appendix C: Geometrical Considerations in Crystal Chemistry 511
Appendix D: How to Recognise Close Packed (Eutactic) Structures 515
Appendix E: Positive and Negative Atomic Coordinates 517
Appendix F: The Elements and Some of Their Properties 519
Questions 525
Index