Miguel E. Alonso-Amelot

The Art of Problem Solving in Organic Chemistry (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

The Art of Problem Solving in Organic Chemistry The new edition of the classic textbook that has helped thousands of students understand and solve the complex mechanistic problems posed by organic reactions The Art of Problem Solving in Organic Chemistry is a must-have workbook for students and professionals alike, offering step-by-step guidance on applying proven strategies and logical techniques to solve complex reaction mechanism problems. The book is organized in two sections: The Toolbox and the Problem Chest. The first part is presented in four chapters covering advanced contemporary issues of molecular structure and orbital configuration, stereoelectronic constraints, electron shifts, redeployment and arrow-pushing allowances and pitfalls, as well as functional groups roles and key intermediate species, all of which dominate the reaction mechanism scenario. These concepts are rounded up by a series of time-tested problem analysis strategies and thinking routes shown in flowcharts and illustrated by application to specific cases. The Problem Chest puts together a set of 50 newly selected fully discussed mechanism problems of increasing difficulty, in which all the power of the Toolbox paraphernalia is put to work. Now in its third edition, The Art of Problem Solving in Organic Chemistry retains the structure of previous editions, previously rated among the 30 best organic chemistry books of all time by BookAuthority. More than 50 revised organic reaction mechanism problems are complemented by an entirely new set of problems, additional concepts and techniques, expanded coverage of applications in contemporary organic chemistry, embedded cases of the existing reaction pool taken from recent literature, and much more. * Describes the principles, methods, tools, and problem analysis techniques required to solve organic reaction problems * Extends the logic and strategy of the mechanistic approach beyond specific reactions and facts * Discusses practical methods for improved problem solving for organic reaction mechanisms * Explains tested strategies for analyzing the possibilities of reaction mechanisms between reactants and products * Contains detailed appendices with definitions and examples of principles, reactions, mechanisms, and reagents The Art of Problem Solving in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition is an essential volume for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, lecturers, and professionals looking to improve their performance in finding solutions to organic reaction problems. It is an ideal textbook for courses on organic reactions and problem analysis, as well as an excellent supplement for courses covering reactive intermediates and mechanisms of molecular transformations.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Erscheinungstermin: 22. August 2023
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119900672
• Artikelnr.: 68709533

Autorenporträt

Miguel E. Alonso-Amelot is Professor Emeritus of Organic and Ecological Chemistry at The University of the Andes (Universidad de Los Andes) in Mérida, Venezuela. He received his PhD from the Department of Chemistry at Indiana University and has more than 45 years of teaching experience in the United States, Europe, and Latin America. He is the author of over 110 research articles and book chapters and four books, including the first two editions of The Art of Problem Solving in Organic Chemistry.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface ix

Acknowledgements xiii

Where Does This Book Level Start How Far Does It Take You? xv

Part I The Toolbox 1

1 Introduction to Problem Analysis in Advanced Organic Reaction Mechanism 3

1.1 Overview 3

1.2 The First Three Steps in Problem Analysis 4

1.2.1 A Bird's Eye Overview 4

1.2.2 Change the Molecular Rendering to a Familiar Framework 4

1.2.3 Go for the Relevant, Skip the Superficial Information 5

1.3 Moving Beyond the Primary Answers 7

1.4 Drawing a Preliminary Outline for Guidance 7

1.5 Intuition and Problem Solving 8

1.6 Summing Up 9

1.7 Solution to the 14 --> 16 Conversion in Scheme I.5 10

References and Notes 10

2 Electron Flow in Organic Reactions 11

2.1 Overview 11

2.2 Introduction 12

2.2.1 A Word or Two on Notation 13

2.2.1.1 Lewis Notation and Line Renderings 13

2.2.1.2 Curved or "Curly" Arrows 14

2.3 Electrons in Covalent Bonding and Redeployment 14

2.3.1 A Preliminary Review of the Essentials 14

2.3.1.1 Electrons and Covalent Bonds: The Still Unsolved Fundamental Questions 14

2.4 Practical Rules Governing Electron Redeployment 15

2.4.1 Issue 1: Electrons Reside Within Orbitals 15

2.4.1.1 The Question of Orbital Restrictions and Electron Deployment 15

2.4.2 Issue 2: The Electron Shield Concept Contributes to Covalent Bonds 18

2.4.2.1 Carbocations 18

2.4.2.2 Carbon Dications 20

2.4.3 Issue 3: AO/MO Overlap is a Requirement for sigma and pi Bond Formation 21

2.4.3.1 AO/MO Limits and the Quantum Tunneling Effect 26

2.4.4 Issue 4: Electron Traffic and Stereochemistry 27

2.4.5 Issue 5: Electron Energy Level and Accessibility 28

2.4.6 Issue 6: Electron Flow and Molecular Active Sectors 30

2.4.7 Issue 7: Electron Flow and Compatible AO Types 32

2.4.7.1 sigma-sigma Interactions 33

2.4.7.2 sigma-pi Interactions 35

2.4.7.3 pi-pi Interactions 41

2.4.8 Issue 8: Electron Flow, Delocalization of Bonding and Non-bonding Electrons, Resonance Stabilization 44

2.4.8.1 Non-bonding Electron Pairs (NBPs) 44

2.4.9 Issue 9: Electron Traffic and Electronic Density Differences 49

2.4.9.1 Detecting Potential Donors and Acceptors 49

2.4.9.2 What Makes a Given Functional Group a Natural HEDZ or LEDZ? 50

2.4.9.3 A Reminder Takeaway 51

2.4.9.4 Quantum-mechanical Computations and Mechanism 53

2.4.10 Issue 10: Electron Traffic on Account of LEDZ Alone 54

2.4.10.1 Hidden LEDZs Triggering Deep-rooted Skeletal Rearrangements 56

2.4.10.2 Remote C-H Activation by LEDZ and Radicals 56

2.4.11 Issue 11: Inverting the Natural Electron Flow, Umpolung 59

2.4.11.1 Umpolung Successful Accomplishments 60

2.4.11.2 The Nitrogen Heterocycle Carbenes (NHC) in Carbonyl Umpolung 62

2.4.11.3 Umpolung of C=O through Imine Derivatives 63

2.4.11.4 The Hydrazone Way to C=O Umpolung 69

2.4.12 Issue 12: One-electron Flow 71

2.4.12.1 Radicals, Reminder Takeaways 71

2.4.12.2 Carbenes, Overview, and Electron Redeployment 76

2.5 Summing Up 84

2.6 Organized Problem Analysis with the Tools Described so Far 85

2.7 Supplementary Schemes: Solutions to Problems Embedded in this Chapter 86

Notes 89

3 Stereochemistry and Mechanism of Molecular Transformations 93

3.1 Overview 93

3.2 Introduction 94

3.2.1 The Question of Planar Molecules and Deviation