But Atlantic civilization was not merely a product of European ambition. Indigenous peoples, African kingdoms, and mixed-race communities played active roles in shaping this new world, resisting exploitation, negotiating power, and creating hybrid cultures that defied simple categorization. The rise of plantation economies, the spread of revolutionary ideas, and the eventual collapse of colonial systems all contributed to the making of a distinct Atlantic identity-one marked by both oppression and resilience, exploitation and innovation.
This book explores the complex interplay of exploration, empire-building, and cultural exchange that defined the Atlantic world. By examining the political, economic, and social forces at work, we uncover how a once-divided ocean
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