The concept of "Manifest Destiny," which had driven American expansion across the North American continent, was a key intellectual precursor to the imperialism that emerged at the end of the 19th century. Originally articulated in 1845 by journalist John L. O'Sullivan, Manifest Destiny held that it was the divine right and duty of the United States to expand its territory across the North American continent. O'Sullivan's words, written in an editorial for The Democratic Review, captured the spirit of the age: "It is our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions." This rhetoric justified the annexation of vast territories, including Texas, Oregon, and California, and the displacement of indigenous populations. It was an ideology that emphasized American exceptionalism, a belief that the U.S. had a unique mission to bring democracy and civilization to the "uncivilized" corners of the world.
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