The collection exposes an early development of African American resistance ideology-a concept that aligned with and perhaps ignited the long civil rights movement. Included are sermons that support the use of self-defense with firearms, the public shaming and condemnation of white churches, and reparation strategies that pinpoint lynching as a qualifier for federal aid. In their efforts to protect their congregations, preachers showed a willingness to utilize a theology that saw beyond the divinity of Christ to encompass his humanity as a fellow victim of lynching. Protection theology highlighted a symbiotic relationship in which serving a lynched deity could motivate Black people to, in the words of a Black hymnist, "make it over."
In his introduction to each sermon, Treadwell explains and contextualizes the acts of racial caste violence that inspired these Black preachers. Tongues of Fire is the only book-length compilation of these vastly important yet understudied sermons, which reveal how Black churches fought against the scourge of lynching.
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