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Ventricular septal defect is the presence of one or more holes in the wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart.
Ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart defects.
The defect may occur by itself or with other congenital diseases.
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is failure of development of the septum between the two ventricles of the heart.
The ventricles are a single chamber at about 4 weeks' gestation but by 8 weeks it has been divided in two.
Failure of development of any part of the septum results in a defect
Congenital
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Produktbeschreibung
Ventricular septal defect is the presence of one or more holes in the wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart.
Ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart defects.
The defect may occur by itself or with other congenital diseases.
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is failure of development of the septum between the two ventricles of the heart.
The ventricles are a single chamber at about 4 weeks' gestation but by 8 weeks it has been divided in two.
Failure of development of any part of the septum results in a defect
Congenital heart defects are problems with the heart's structure that are present at birth.
These defects change the normal flow of blood through the heart.
During pregnancy the right and left ventricles of its heart of the fetus are not separated.
As the fetus grows, a wall forms to separate these two ventricles.
The heart has two sides, separated by an inner wall called the septum.
The septum prevents mixing of blood between the two sides of the heart.
If the wall is not completely formed, a hole remains.
The most common symptoms are:
1. Shortness of breath
2. Fast breathing
Ventricular septal defect is diagnosed by:
1. A heart murmur
2. Echocardiogram
Treatment is by:
Many small defects will close by themselves and is not treated
If the opening is large, open-heart surgery may be needed to close it and prevent serious problems.
Most surgery for VSD repair is done by the first year.
Normally a patch of fabric or pericardium (the normal lining around the outside of the heart) is sewn over the VSD to close it completely.
Anyone who had surgery for a VSD requires a regular check up with a cardiologist who is experienced with adults with congenital heart defects
Medications are rarely needed.
The long-term outlook is good .

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Ventricular Septal Defect
Chapter 2 More Facts of VSD
Chapter 3 Treatment of VSD
Chapter 4 ASD
Chapter 5 PDA
Chapter 6 Tetralogy of Fallot
Chapter 7 Coarctation of the Aorta
Chapter 8 Congenital Heart Diseases
Epilogue


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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...