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Vulvovaginitis is a medical condition with acute inflammation of the vulva and vagina in females.
Vulvovaginitis or vaginitis can indicate the presence of swelling or infection of the vulva and vagina.
Vaginitis is a frequent problem that can affect women and girls of all ages.
Vulvovaginitis is usually caused by:
Infections:
1. Sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, trichomonas and chlamydia.
Gonorrhea and Trichomonas: A type of vaginitis is spread by sexual contact.
Symptoms in women are genital itching, vaginal odor, and a heavy vaginal discharge that may be
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Produktbeschreibung
Vulvovaginitis is a medical condition with acute inflammation of the vulva and vagina in females.
Vulvovaginitis or vaginitis can indicate the presence of swelling or infection of the vulva and vagina.
Vaginitis is a frequent problem that can affect women and girls of all ages.
Vulvovaginitis is usually caused by:
Infections:
1. Sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, trichomonas and chlamydia.
Gonorrhea and Trichomonas: A type of vaginitis is spread by sexual contact.
Symptoms in women are genital itching, vaginal odor, and a heavy vaginal discharge that may be green or yellow-grey in color.
2. Fungal infection
Yeast infections are one of the most frequent causes of vulvovaginitis in women.
Yeast infections are frequently caused by the fungus Candida albicans.
3. Herpes simplex virus in recurrent cases: also known as genital herpes
4. Pediculosis pubis or lice: parasites on pubic area or bed sheets
5. Pinworm infection in children: more in children at anal and vulvar areas
6. Urinary infection such as cystitis (bladder infection)
7. Lack of cleanliness (poor hygiene)
Objects such as a lost tampon can also cause irritation, itching, and strong smelling discharge.
Allergies:
1. Clothings
2. Perfumes
3. Powders
4. Drugs
Chemical irritants:
1. Vaginal douche
2. Detergents used to wash underwear
3. Bubble baths,
Mechanical irritants:
1. Ill fitting underwear
2. Inadequate sexual lubrication
3. Vaginal birth control
Spermicidal and vaginal sponges, which are over-the-counter birth control methods
Postmenopausal:
Atrophic vulvovaginitis occurs after menopause with vaginal dryness and inflammation
These changes may result in or worsen genital itching and burning.
Generalized disorders:
Dermatological disorders such as lichen simplex
Other skin conditions such as psoriasis
Non-specific vulvovaginitis
Sometimes the exact cause cannot be found.
It occurs in all age groups, but is most frequent in young girls before menstruation, especially if they have poor hygiene of the genital area.
There is a foul-smelling, brownish-green vaginal discharge.
There is also irritation of the opening of the vagina and the labia of the vulva.
This disorder is frequently linked with excessive growth of E.coli germs normally found in the stool.
Sexual abuse should be determined in young girls with unusual genital infections and repeated episodes of unexplained vulvovaginitis.
Diagnosis can usually be made by:
1. History of vulvar itch, associated painful urination, frequency of urination, or vaginal discharge
2. Vulva shows excoriation of lining and inflammation (redness and swelling)
3. Vulvar and vaginal swab to culture for bacteria and sexually transmitted diseases
4. Biopsy of the suspicious vulvar lesions to exclude other causes of vulvar problem such as tumor
Treatment
1. Appropriate Antibiotics and antifungal treatment are given for infections particularly after urine bacterial culture
2. Antihistamine medicine for itch
3. Topical estrogen cream for postmenopausal atrophic vulvovaginitis
4. Proper hygiene after sexual intercourse, urination, and bathing
5. Strong soaps should be avoided
6. Lubricants should be used during sexual intercourse
7. Weight should be reduced if obese
8. Underlying condition such as diabetes, allergic dermatitis, and other skin conditions should be treated.
9. Other medicines that may help is Cortisone cream

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Vulvovaginitis
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Salpingitis
Chapter 8 Cervicitis
Epilogue


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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...